Tomatoes
Growing tomatoes
Bush type
Early
Sunchief
Mid-season/late
Mountain Crest, Florida 47, QualiT23, Sun Brite, Mountain Fresh, Acclaim.
Staking
Ultra Boy, Early Girl, Fantastic.
Cherry type
Super Sweet 100, Sun Sugar, Sweet Million
Grape type
Smarty, Cupid.
Use only hot-water treated seed from a reliable seed source. Use seed treated with Thiram seed protectant.
For control of Pythium damping off, use seed treated with Apron XL LS seed protectant.
See your seed dealer for the most recent variety recommendations.
The tomato is a warm-temperature vegetable and requires a long growing season. Transplants which are grown under glass should be kept close to the following temperatures:
During the day
18 to 21°C
At night
13 to 16°C until the seedlings are pricked out.
Use 70 g/ha (28 g/acre) of seed, depending on the variety and required plant population. Sow them in the greenhouse 6 to 8 weeks before field transplanting. Tomatoes are generally grown in plug trays to minimize root damage at transplanting. Large cell sizes such as 38s or 72s result in sturdy, early-producing plants, but because of higher costs are generally only used for early plantings. Cell sizes of 200 or more are often used for later plantings. Smaller cells are more cost-effective, but require a high level of management to obtain quality plants.
Provide adequate ventilation during the heat of the day, particularly after watering, which should be completed before 1 p.m. Water plants before signs of wilting appear. Harden transplants for about a week before transplanting to the field by slightly reducing the moisture and maintaining approximate outdoor temperatures.
Growing tomatoes using plasticulture provides many benefits. See the “Plasticulture” section of the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF).
See Mosaic and Streak under the Tomatoes Disease Management section of this page for control instructions.
Spacing
Rows 120 cm apart and plants 30 to 45 cm apart in the row, depending on variety recommendations.
A soil test is necessary to determine phosphate and potash requirements. Use the Vegetable Production Guide: Nutrient Management (PDF) for recommendations based on soil test results. Broadcast and disc in the following:
- 90 kg/ha (36 kg/acre) nitrogen and the required phosphate and potash.
- Side-dress with 22 kg/ha (9 kg/acre) of nitrogen when first fruits appear. Acid producing fertilizers are recommended for most areas.
Where mulching and trickle irrigation are practiced, additional nitrogen can be fed through the trickle irrigation system at 17 kg/ha (6.8 kg/acre) when the first fruit begins to set and an additional 17 kg/ha (6.8 kg/acre) four weeks after. To prevent clogging or plugging from occurring use soluble forms of nitrogen (Urea or Ammonium nitrate) and chlorinate the system once a month with a 10 to 50 ppm. chlorine solution. Chlorinate more frequently if the flow rate decreases.
Tomatoes harvested at the mature green stage should be pre-cooled immediately to temperatures of 13 to 16°C; prolonged exposure to temperatures below 13°C result in chilling injuries. Mature green tomatoes may be held at 13°C and relative humidity of 85 – 90% for up to 6 weeks.
Tomatoes harvested at the semi-ripe and advanced stages should be pre-cooled to a temperature of 11°C immediately after picking and before passing them over sorting belts. Semi-ripe or advanced tomatoes may be held at 11 to 13°C, relative humidity 85 – 90%.
Ripe tomatoes are restricted to local markets. Firm, ripe fruit should be pre-cooled immediately after harvest to a temperature of 2 to 4°C before putting them over sorting belts. Ripe tomatoes may be held at 7 to 9°C and relative humidity of 85 – 90%.
Tomato weed management
A black or wavelength-selective plastic mulch provides excellent weed control and other benefits. See the “Plastic Mulches” section of the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF). For herbicide recommendations, see tables below.
Note: Best control is achieved when a combination of the chemical methods is used.
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Sandea(halosulfuron)
Group 2 |
35 to 70 g/ha (14.2 to 28.3 g/acre)
Apply in 190 L/ha (77 L/acre) of water
|
30 |
Pre-transplant:
|
Bonanza 480(trifluralin)
Group 3 |
1.25 to 2.3 L/ha (500 to 900 mL/acre) Apply in at least 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) water at 275 kPa |
N/A |
|
Prowl H2O(pendimethalin) Group 3 |
2.2 L/ha (0.9 L/acre) Apply in at least 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water |
21 |
|
Devrinol 50-DF(napropamide)
Group 15 |
2.25 to 4.5 kg/ha Apply in 200 to 900 L/ha (80 to 365 L/acre) of water |
N/A |
|
Devrinol 2-XT(napropamide)
Group 15 |
4.69 to 9.38 L/ha Apply in 200 to 900 L/ha (80 to 365 L/acre) of water |
N/A |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Authority 480(sulfentrazone) Group 14 |
0.292 L/ha (0.118 L/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water at 175 kPa |
19 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Poast Ultra(sethoxydim)
Group 1 |
Annual grasses (incl. volunteer cereals): 320 mL/ha (130 mL/ac)
Annual grasses & quackgrass suppression: 470 mL/ha (190 mL/ac)
Quackgrass: 1.1 L/ha (445 mL/ac) |
60 |
|
Excel Super(fenoxaprop-ethyl)
Group 1 |
670 mL/ha (270 mL/acre) Apply in at least 110 L/ha (45 L/acre) water at 275 kPa |
55 |
|
Venture L(fluazifop-p-butyl & S-isomer)
Group 1 |
barnyard grass (2-5 leaf stage): 0.8 L/ha (0.32 L/acre) proso millet (2-5 leaf): 1.0 L/ha (0.4 L/acre) foxtails (2-4 leaf): 1.4 L/ha (0.56 L/acre) quackgrass (3-5 leaf): 2.0 L/ha (0.8 L/acre) |
60 |
|
Pinnacle 75 Toss-N-Go(thifensulfuron-methyl)
Group 2 PLUS: Agral 90 or Agsurf or Citowett Plus |
5.5 to 8.0 g/ha
|
45 |
|
Prism 25 DF(rimsulfuon)
Group 2 PLUS: Agral 90 or Agsurf or Citowett Plus |
60 g/ha PLUS: |
30 |
|
Sandea(halosulfuron)
Group 2 |
35 to 70 g/ha (14.2 to 28.3 g/acre)
Apply in 190 L/ha (75 L/acre) of water
|
30 |
Direct-seeded:
Post-transplant:
Nutsedge Control following Pre-transplant:
Other:
|
Aim EC(carfentrazone-ethyl) Group 14 |
37 to 117 mL/ha Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
Tomato insect management
These small (<2 mm), soft-bodied, sucking insects cluster on growing tips or on leaves and cause wilting and yellowing. They also serve as vectors of some virus diseases affecting tomatoes.
Control
See table below.
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Assail 70 WP(acetamiprid) |
56 to 86 g/ha (23 to 35 g/acre) Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water |
7 |
|
Actara 25WG(thiamethoxam) |
105 g/ha (42 g/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Clutch 50 WDG(clothianidin)
Group 4A
|
70 to 105 g/ha (30 to 40 g/acre) |
7 |
|
Sivanto Prime(flupyradifurone) |
Soil Application: Up to 26,650 plants per ha: 750 mL per 10,000 plants Up to 20,000 plants per ha: 1000 mL per 10,000 plants |
45
|
|
Sivanto Prime(flupyradifurone) |
Foliar Application: 500 to 750 mL/ha (200 to 300 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
7 |
|
Beleaf(flonicamid) |
120 to 160 g/ha (50 to 60 g/acre) Apply in 94 L/ha (38L/acre) of water. |
0 |
|
Versys(afidopyropen) Group 9D |
100 mL/ha (40 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Movento(spirotetramat)
Group 23 |
220 to 365 mL/ha (90 to 150 mL/acre) Apply in 300 L/ha (120 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Pyganic(pyrethrins)
Used in organics |
2.32 to 4.65 L/ha (0.9 to 1.9 L/acre) |
0 |
|
Orthene 75 SP(acephate) |
900 g/ha Apply in 2000 L/ha (810 L/acre of water |
N/A |
|
Admire 240F(imidacloprid)
Group 4
|
Transplant soil application:
7 to 12 mL per 100m of row (see rate conversion chart of label for row spacing calculations)
|
N/A
|
|
Admire 240F(imidacloprid)
Group 4
|
Foliar application: 200 mL/ha (80 mL/acre) |
7 |
|
Exirel(cyantraniliprole)
Group 28
|
500 to 1500 mL/ha Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
OMRI-USA = Organic Materials Review Institute of USA.
Beetles are yellow and black striped. Larvae are reddish orange with two rows of black spots on each side. Both adults and larvae feed on the foliage. Control measures may be required in the Southern Interior. Colorado potato beetles are not known to occur at the Coast.
Control
See table below.
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Orthene 75 SP(acephate) |
900 g/ha Apply in at least 2000 L/ha (810 L/acre) of water |
N/A |
|
Clutch 50 WDG(clothianidin) Group 4A |
70 to 105 g/ha (30 to 40 g/acre) |
7 |
|
Admire 240F(imidacloprid)
Group 4
|
Transplant soil application:
7 to 12 mL per 100m of row (see rate conversion chart of label for row spacing calculations)
|
N/A
|
|
Admire 240F(imidacloprid)
Group 4
|
Foliar application: 200 mL/ha (80 mL/acre) |
7 |
|
Minecto Pro(abamectin/ cyantraniliprole) Group 6 & 28 |
556 to 670 mL/ha (225 to 271 mL/acre) Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water |
7 |
|
Exirel(cyantraniliprole)
Group 28
|
750 to 1000 mL/ha (300 to 400 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Pounce 384 EC/ Perm-Up EC(permethrin) Group 3 |
180 to 260 mL/ha (73 to 105 mL/acre) |
1 |
|
Concept(imidacloprid & deltamethrin) |
650 mL/ ha (263 mL/ ac) Apply in 100 to 200 L/ha (40 to 80 L/acre) of water |
7 |
|
Coragen(chlorantraniliprole)
Group 28 |
250 to 375 mL/ha (100 to 150 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Harvanta 50SL(cyclaniliprole) Group 28 |
0.8 to 1.2 L/ha |
1 |
|
Decis 5 EC(deltamethrin)
Group 3
|
100 to 150 mL/ha (40 to 60 mL/acre) Apply in 200 to 500 L/ha (80 to 200 L/acre) of water |
3 |
|
Mako(cypermethrin) Group 3 |
85 mL/ha Apply in 100 to 500 L/ha (40 to 200 L/acre) of water |
3 |
|
Up-Cyde 2.5 EC(cypermethrin) Group 3 |
140 mL/ha Apply in 100 to 500 L/ha (40 to 200 L/acre) of water |
3 |
|
Matador 120EC/ Silencer 120EC(lambda- cyhalothrin)
Group 3
|
83 to 125 mL/ha (34 to 51 mL/acre) |
7 |
|
Assail 70 WP(acetamiprid)
Group 4
|
40 to 80 g/ha (16 to 32 g/acre) |
7 |
|
Sivanto Prime(flupyradifurone)
Group 4D |
750 to 1000 mL/ha
(300 to 400 mL/acre)
|
7 |
|
Entrust 80(spinosad)
Group 5
Used in organics
|
50 g/ha (20 g/acre) |
1 |
|
Entrust(spinosad)
Group 5
Used in organics
|
167 mL/ha (68 mL/acre) | 1 |
|
Success(spinosad)
Group 5
|
83 mL/ha (34 mL/acre) |
1 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
OMRI-USA = Organic Materials Review Institute of USA.
Cutworms are drab-coloured, fleshy worms up to 4 cm long which feed at night at or below ground level, or they may climb and feed on aerial portions of plants. During the day they are found in soil or under clods near attacked plants. Freshly transplanted succulent plants are especially susceptible. Heavy populations of cutworms may be expected on fields that were covered with weeds or other plant debris the previous fall.
Control
See table below.
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Sevin XLR(carbaryl) |
45 mL/100 m of row Apply in 225 to 275 L/ha (90 to 110 L/acre) of water |
2 |
|
Pounce 384 EC/ Perm-Up EC(permethrin) Group 3 |
180 to 260 mL/ha (73 to 105 mL/acre) |
1 |
|
Concept(imidacloprid & deltamethrin) |
650 mL/ ha (263 mL/ ac) Apply in 100 to 200 L/ha (40 to 80 L/acre) of water |
7 |
|
Scorpio Ant and Insect Bait(spinosad) Group 5 |
25 to 50 kg/ha (10.1 to 20.2 kg/acre) |
1 |
|
Minecto Pro(abamectin/ cyantraniliprole) Group 6 & 28 |
370 to 556 mL/ha (150 to 225 mL/acre) Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water |
7 |
|
Coragen(chlorantraniliprole)
Group 28 |
250 to 375 mL/ha (100 to 150 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Exirel(cyantraniliprole)
Group 28
|
500 to 750 mL/ha Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
These shiny, black jumping beetles eat holes in leaves, giving them a shot-holed appearance. Seedlings are particularly at risk of damage and death. On mixed vegetable farms and in gardens where potatoes are also grown, flea beetles on tomatoes should be controlled promptly before they spread to the potato crop.
Control
See table below.
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Orthene 75 SP(acephate) |
900 g/ha Apply in 2000 L/ha (810 L/acre) of water |
N/A |
|
Minecto Pro(abamectin/ cyantraniliprole) Group 6 & 28 |
385 to 741 mL/ha (156 to 300 mL/acre) Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water |
7 |
|
Exirel(cyantraniliprole)
Group 28
|
500 to 1000 mL/ha (200 to 400 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Sevin XLR(carbaryl) |
2.5 L/ha (1 L/acre) |
2 |
|
Matador 120EC/ Silencer 120EC(lambda-cyhalothrin)
Group 3
|
83 mL/ha (34 mL/acre) |
7 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
These are large, (10 cm long when mature), pale-green worms with a short, red horn on the posterior end. They feed on foliage and fruit. When worms are first noticed, hand-pick and destroy them. Spot-treat if practical or under more severe conditions treat the whole field.
Control
See table below.
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Pounce 384 EC/ Perm-Up EC(permethrin) Group 3 |
180 to 260 mL/ha (73 to 105 mL/acre) |
1 |
|
Danitol(fenpropathrin) Group 3 |
779 mL/ha (315 mL/ac) Apply in 250 L/ha 100 L/ac) of water |
Hand harvesting or mechanically assisted harvesting: 6 Mechanical harvesting: 3 |
|
Concept(imidacloprid & deltamethrin) |
650 mL/ ha (263 mL/ ac) Apply in 100 to 200 L/ha (40 to 80 L/acre) of water |
7 |
|
Coragen(chlorantraniliprole)
Group 28 |
250 to 375 mL/ha (100 to 150 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Exirel(cyantraniliprole)
Group 28
|
750 mL/ha (405 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Bioprotec CAF(Bacillus thuringiensis)
|
0.65 to 1.1 L/ha Apply in 300 L/ha (120 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Dipel 2X DF(Bacillus thuringiensis)
Used in organics |
140 to 275 g/ha (55 to 110 g/acre) |
0 |
|
Sevin XLR(carbaryl)
Group 1A
|
2.5 to 5.25 L/ha (1.0 to 2.1 L/acre) |
2 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
OMRI-USA = Organic Materials Review Institute of USA.
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Malathion 85E(malathion)
Group 1B |
735 to 975 mL/ha (295 to 395 mL/acre) Apply in 1000 L/ha (405 L/acre) of water |
3 |
|
Danitol(fenpropathrin) Group 3 |
779 mL/ha (315 mL/ac) Apply in 250 L/ha 100 L/ac) of water |
Hand harvesting or mechanically assisted harvesting: 6 Mechanical harvesting: 3 |
|
Minecto Pro(abamectin/ cyantraniliprole) Group 6 & 28 |
385 to 670 mL/ha (156 to 271 mL/acre) Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water |
7 |
|
Acramite 50WS(bifenazate)
Group 25
|
851 g/ha
(344 g/acre)
Rate is equivalent to 15 pouches per 4 ha
Apply in 500 L/ha (200 L/acre) of water.
|
3 |
|
Nealta(cyflumetofen)
Group 25
|
1 L/ha
Apply in 500 L/ha (200 L/acre) of water.
|
3 |
|
Purespray Green Spray Oil 13E(mineral oil)
Used in organics
|
10 L of product in 1000 L of water (1% solution) | N/A |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada.
Tomato disease management
Symptoms may begin as wilting of leaves at the lower and outer parts of the plant. The edges of the leaves turn brown and yellow and curl upward. Light coloured streaks may develop on the stems, shoots and leaf stalks. Later, cracks may develop in the streaks. The stem pith becomes brown, dry and mealy. Plants sometimes die but they usually produce fruit. Sunburn can be severe because of the loss of outer, protective leaves. Diagnostic white “birds-eye” spots are found on green fruit. On ripe fruit, spots have a raised, tan-coloured, rough area about 3 mm across and a surrounding white halo.
The most likely source of disease is contaminated seed and transplants, but bacteria may survive in the field on plant debris.
Control
- Use hot-water-treated seed as described in the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF). Seed treatment with diluted hydrochloric acid or household bleach diluted 1:10 in clean tapwater has also been used.
- Disinfect used seedling trays prior to use as described in the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF).
- Use sterilized soil in flats and seed-beds.
- Destroy old vines immediately after harvest.
- Follow a two or three year crop rotation.
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Tivano
|
12 L/ha (4.9 L/acre) Apply in 500 L/ha (200 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Kocide 2000(copper hydroxide)
Group M
Used in organics
|
2.25 kg/ha (910 g/acre) |
1 |
|
Cueva(copper octanoate) Group M1 Used in organics |
Use a 0.5% to 2% solution at 470 to 940 L/ha (190 to 380 L/acre) | 1 |
|
Kasumin 2L(hydocholoride hydrate) |
1.2 L/ha (0.5 L/acre) |
1 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada
Numerous, tiny, dark brown to black specks of less than 1.5 mm diameter appear on the surface of green or ripe fruit. Larger, dark brown to black spots may occur on the leaves and stems. Fruit are only infected when green. This disease is more common in cool, wet weather.
Control
- Use hot-water-treated seed as described in the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF).
- Sow treated seed in sterilized soil.
- Disinfect used seedling trays prior to use as described in the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF).
- Kocide, applied for bacterial spot, may also reduce bacterial speck if applied early when green fruit are developing. See table below.
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Cueva(copper octanoate) Group M1 Used in organics |
Use a 0.5% to 2% solution at 470 to 940 L/ha (190 to 380 L/acre) | 1 |
|
Actigard 50WG(acivenzolar – S –methyl) |
25 g/ha (10.1 g/acre) Apply in 280 to 655 L/ha (113 to 265 L/acre) of water |
14 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada
Leaf symptoms are similar to bacterial speck. Small dark specks appear on the green fruit, and later enlarge to become brown scabby spots. These spots are crater-like, and may be surrounded by a greasy looking white halo.
Control
See table below for chemical controls of bacterial speck.
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Kocide 2000(copper hydroxide)
Used in organics
|
2.24 kg/ha (900 g/acre) |
1 |
|
Parasol F(copper hydroxide) |
2.3 L/ha (920 mL/acre) |
1 |
|
Cueva(copper octanoate) Group M1 Used in organics |
Use a 0.5% to 2% solution at 470 to 940 L/ha (190 to 380 L/acre) | 1 |
|
Serenade Opti(Bacillus subtilis)
Used in organics
|
0.6 to 1.7 kg/ha (240 to 690 g/acre) |
0 |
|
Actigard 50WG(acivenzolar – S –methyl) |
25 g/ha (10.1 g/acre) Apply in 280 to 655 L/ha (113 to 265 L/acre) of water |
14 |
|
Regalia Maxx(Extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis) |
0.125 to 0.25% v/v in 400 to 1000 L/ha (160 to 400 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Kasumin 2L(hydocholoride hydrate) |
1.2 L/ha (0.5 L/acre) |
1 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada
Symptoms are gray mold rot of foliage, stem and fruit. Pale green or silvery ring spots with a brownish puncture in the centre, known as ghost spot, occur on green fruit. The same rings are generally yellow on ripe fruit. This disease is associated with wet, humid weather.
Control
See table below. Captan applied for anthracnose may also control Botrytis.
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Timorex Gold(tea tree oil) Used in organics |
1.5 to 2.0 L/ha (605 to 910 mL/acre) Apply in 400 to 1200 L/ha (160 to 485 L/acre) of water |
2 |
|
Serenade Opti(Bacillus subtilis)
Used in organics
|
1.7 to 3.3 kg/ha (690 to 1300 g/acre) |
0 |
|
Oxidate 2.0(hydrogen peroxide & peroxyacetic acid) Used in organics |
Dilute 1.0 L product in 100 L water (1.0% v:v) | 0 |
|
Bravo ZN(chlorothalonil) Group M5 |
4.8 L/ha (1.9 L/acre) |
2 |
|
Bravo ZNC(chlorothalonil) Group M5 |
|||
Echo 720(chlorothalonil) Group M5 |
3.3 L/ha (1.3 L/acre) |
1 |
|
Lance WDG(boscalid) Group 7 |
420 g/ha (168 g/acre) Apply in at least 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Cantus WDG(boscalid) Group 7 |
420 g/ha (168 g/acre) Apply in at least 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Fontelis(penthiopyrad) |
1.25 to 1.75 L/ha (500 to 710 mL/acre) Apply in 110 L/ha (45 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Miravis Duo(pydiflumetofen & difenoconazole) Group 7 & 3 |
1 L/ha (405 mL/ac) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/ac) of water |
0 |
|
Scala SC(pyrimethanil) Group 9 |
750 mL/ha Apply in 300 L/ha (120 L/acre) of water. |
1 |
|
Switch 62.5 WG(cyprodinil & fludioxonil)
Group 9 & 12 |
775 to 975 g/ha (314 to 395 g/acre) Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Decree 50 WDG(fenhexamid)
Group 17 |
1.5 kg/ha (609 g/acre) |
60 |
|
Diplomat 5SC(polyoxin D zinc salt)
Group 19
|
463 to 926 mL/ha
(187 to 375 mL/acre)
|
0 |
|
Double Nickel 55(Bacillus amyloliqufaciens strain D747) Group 44 |
1.25 to 3.6 kg/ha For smaller plants or low disease pressure: 0.9 to 1 kg/ha (360 to 400 g/acre) |
0 |
|
Double Nickel LC(Bacillus amyloliqufaciens strain D747) Group 44 |
6.25 to 18 L/ha For smaller plants or low disease pressure: 4.5 to 5 L/ha (1.8 to 2 L/acre) |
0 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada
This is a disease of ripe fruit. When spots first appear they are small, sunken and circular. They can increase in size to 1 cm and are usually found on the side of the fruit next to the soil. Older spots are depressed with concentric rings, a tan centre and numerous dark specks.
Control
A regular spray program is required to avoid losses due to the two blights and anthracnose fruit rot in the late summer and early fall when wet weather begins. Begin spraying in late June and repeat every 7 to 10 days depending on weather conditions. Use one of the products in the table below.
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Bravo ZN(chlorothalonil) Group M5 |
2.4 to 4.0 L/ha (1.0 to 1.6 L/acre |
2 |
|
Bravo ZN(chlorothalonil) Group M5 |
|||
Echo 720(chlorothalonil) Group M5 |
1.7 to 2.8 L/ha (0.7 to 1.1 L/acre) |
1 |
|
Copper 53W(tri-basic copper sulphate) |
4.5 kg/ha (1.8 kg/acre) |
1 |
|
Supra Captan 80 WDG(captan) Group M |
2.75 to 4.25 kg/ha (1.1 to 1.7 kg/acre) |
2 |
|
Maestro 80 WSP(captan) Group M4 |
2.75 to 4.25 kg/ha (1.1 to 1.7 kg/acre) |
2 |
|
Dithane Rainshield(mancozeb) Group M3 |
3.25 kg/ha (1.3 kg/acre) |
30 |
|
Dithane F-45(mancozeb) Group M Note: no longer produced. Registration expires November 2023 |
1.8 to 5.5 L/ha (0.72 to 2.2 L/ acre) |
7 |
|
Manzate DF(mancozeb) Note: no longer produced. Registration expires November 2022. |
1.75 to 3.25 kg/ha Apply in 200 to 1000 L/ha (80 to 405 L/acre) of water |
7 |
|
Penncozeb 75DF(mancozeb) Group M |
1.1 to 3.25 kg/ha (0.44 to 1.3 kg/acre) |
7 |
|
Penncozeb 75DF Raincoat(mancozeb) Group M |
1.1 to 3.25 kg/ha (0.44 to 1.3 kg/acre) |
7 |
|
Inspire(difenoconazole) Group 3 |
512 mL/ha Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Aprovia(benzovindiflupyr) |
500 to 750 mL/ha (200 to 300 mL/acre) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre of water) |
1 |
|
Aprovia Top(benzovindiflupyr/ difenoconazole) Group 3 & 7 |
643 to 967 mL/ha (260 to 391 mL/acre Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Cabrio EG(pyraclostrobin) Group 11 |
560 to 840 g/ha Apply in 225 L/ha (91 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Quadris F(axosystrobin) Group 11 |
300 to 500 mL/ha (120 to 200 mL/acre) |
1 |
|
Quadris Top(azoxystrobin/ difenoconazole) Group 11 & 3 |
625 mL/ha Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water. |
1 |
|
Elatus(benzovindiflupyr/ azoxystrobin) Group 11 & 7 |
333 to 417 g/ha (135 to 169 g/acre) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water. |
1 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
Tobacco mosaic
Pale mottling of leaves and sometimes of fruit. Alfalfa mosaic causes brown streaks and distortion of fruit.
Streak
Brown stripes on stem, brown blotches on foliage and brown irregularly shaped pits on fruit.
Mosaic is much more common than streak. Tobacco mosaic is spread from one tomato crop to another on seed, clothing, soil, hands and tools. Alfalfa mosaic is spread only by aphids.
Control
Tobacco or common mosaic
- Destroy virus of tobacco mosaic on the seed coat a day or two before planting by soaking the seed in a solution of tri-sodium phosphate at 100 g/ L of water for 20 minutes. This treatment is only needed if seed has not previously been treated with hot water (see Bacterial Canker section of Tomatoes Disease Management). Spread out to dry in a warm room. Use seed treated with Thiram. Rogue out affected plants if any disease appears.
- Tobacco mosaic can persist many months on clothing stored in the dark, but not if hung in the light. Contaminated clothing can be a source of disease for a new crop, and only clean clothes should be worn while working with plants, especially young ones.
- Tomato debris overwintering in the soil is the main source of tobacco mosaic in new crops, so old vines should be removed immediately after harvesting is completed. Steaming soil in the greenhouse will control mosaic, but chemical sterilants will not.
- Handling is the most frequent way of spreading tobacco mosaic throughout a crop. Wash hands in a solution of tri-sodium phosphate at 33 g/ L of water and then scrub with soap and water after smoking or handling a diseased crop. Because tobacco may carry this disease, avoid smoking in the greenhouse area. Infection on tools is best removed by either boiling them in water or by steam sterilizing them. Dipping tools in tri-sodium phosphate solution at 33 g/L of water can be used but is less effective.
It has been found that the spread of mosaic from diseased to healthy plants and infection from outside sources can be reduced sharply by the use of a milk spray. From 4 to 24 hours before seedlings are to be handled (pricked out), they should be watered thoroughly, then sprayed with natural whole or skimmed milk or reconstituted powdered milk, 3.0 L/10 L of water.
The milk is allowed to dry on the leaves. It gives effective protection for 24 hours. Twenty-two litres of milk will spray approximately enough plants to set out in 1 hectare.
A second milk spray should be applied to the plants just prior to transplanting.
This disease is occasionally seen in field tomatoes as a result of planting infected seedlings. Infected tomato plants may not grow well and have bronzed leaves and yellow ring patterns on fruit. Use the Vegetable Production Guide: Pest Management (PDF, 1.2 MB) to learn more about control options.
The causal fungus is soil or seed-borne. First, lower leaves wilt and drop, then petioles turn yellow and wither and, finally, the entire plant may wilt.
Control
- Disinfect used seedling trays as described in the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF).
- Grow seedlings in virgin or sterilized soil.
- Use seed treated with Thiram seed protectant.
- Follow four-year rotation plan, avoiding crops susceptible to Verticillium wilt (e.g. potatoes, melons, peppers and eggplants).
- Choose soil that is well drained and not underlain by hardpan.
- Do not plant out until soil temperature has reached 14°C or, if possible, 16°C.
- Avoid overwatering and maintain a high humus content in the soil.
- Select resistant varieties.
RootShield WP (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strain KRL-AG2) is a biological fungicide for the suppression of Root Rot in greenhouse vegetable transplants. When applied to transplants, greenhouse planting mix or soil, the product grows into plant roots as they develop to protect roots against Pythium, Rhizoctonia and Fusarium.
Suppression
- Suspend RootShield WP using a spray volume of 30 to 45 g/100 L and apply at the rate of 55 to 110 g per cubic metre (loose) of greenhouse potting mix, soil or planting beds.
- Apply using hand-held backpack or ground spray equipment.
- Becomes active when soil temperatures are above 10 degrees C and is not effective while soils remain cold.
- More effective at suppression of root rot in neutral or acidic soils.
- Should be used within 12 months of the date of manufacture.
- Contains the allergens wheat and sulfites.
RootShield WP is used in organics. It is OMRI-USA listed. OMRI-USA = Organic Materials Review Institute of USA. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Torrent(cyazofamid)
Group 21
|
30 mL/100L water | 60 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Bravo ZN(chlorothalonil) Group M5 |
2.4 to 4.0 L/ha (1.0 to 1.6 L/acre) |
2 |
|
Bravo ZNC(chlorothalonil) Group M5 |
|||
Echo 720(chlorothalonil) Group M5 |
1.7 to 2.8 L/ha (0.7 to 1.1 L/acre) |
1 |
|
Copper 53W(tri-basic copper sulphate) |
4.5 kg/ha (1.8 kg/acre) |
1 |
|
Copper oxychloride 50(copper oxychloride) |
4.0 kg/ha Apply in 1000 L/ha (405 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Cueva(copper octanoate) Group M1 Used in organics |
Use a 0.5% to 2% solution at 470 to 940 L/ha (190 to 380 L/acre) | 1 |
|
Dithane Rainshield(mancozeb) Group M3 |
3.25 kg/ha (1.3 kg/acre) |
30 |
|
Dithane F-45(mancozeb) Group M Note: no longer produced. Registration expires November 2023 |
1.8 to 5.5 L/ha (0.72 to 2.2 L/acre) |
7 |
|
Manzate DF(mancozeb) Note: no longer produced. Registration expires November 2022. |
1.75 to 3.25 kg/ha Apply in 200 to 1000 L/ha (80 to 405 L/acre) of water |
7 |
|
Penncozeb 75DF(mancozeb) Group M |
1.1 to 3.25 kg/ha (0.44 to 1.3 kg/acre) |
7 |
|
Penncozeb 75DF Raincoat(mancozeb) Group M |
1.1 to 3.25 kg/ha (0.44 to 1.3 kg/acre) |
7 |
|
Scala SC(pyrimethanil) Group 9 |
750 mL/ha Apply in 300 L/ha (120 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Reason 500SC(fenamidone) Group 11 Plus: Rainshield NT (mancozeb) Group M |
200 mL/ha Plus: |
14 |
|
Cabrio EG(pyraclostrobin) |
560 to 840 g/ha Apply in 225 L/ha (91 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Tanos 50 DF(famoxadone / cymoxanil) |
560 to 840 g/ha (224 to 336 g/acre) Apply in at least 250 L/ha (100 L/acre) of water |
3 |
|
Kocide 2000(copper hydroxide)
Group M
Used in organics
|
2.52 kg/ha ( 1.0 kg/acre) |
1 |
|
Inspire(difenoconazole) Group 3 |
292 to 512 mL/ha Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Aprovia(benzovindiflupyr) Group 7 |
500 to 750 mL/ha (200 to 300 mL/acre) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre of water) |
1 |
|
Aprovia Top(benzovindiflupyr/ difenoconazole) Group 7 & 3 |
643 to 967 mL/ha (260 to 391 mL/acre Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Miravis Duo(pydiflumetofen & difenoconazole) Group 7 & 3 |
1 L/ha (405 mL/ac) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/ac) of water |
0 |
|
Lance WDG(boscalid) Group 7 |
175 to 315 g/ha (70 to 126 g/acre) Apply in at least 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Cantus WDG(boscalid) Group 7 |
175 to 315 g/ha (70 to 126 g/acre) Apply in at least 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Sercadis(fluxapyroxad) |
167 to 333 mL/ha (68 to 135 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
7 |
|
Quadris F(axosystrobin) |
300 to 500 mL/ha (120 to 200 mL/acre) |
1 |
|
Quadris Top(azoxystrobin/ difenoconazole) Group 11 & 3 |
625 mL/ha Apply in at least 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water. |
1 |
|
Elatus(benzovindiflupyr/ azoxystrobin) Group 11 & 7 |
333 to 417 g/ha (135 to 169 g/acre) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water. |
1 |
|
Diplomat 5SC(polyoxin D zinc salt)
Group 19
|
537 to 926 mL/ha
(217 to 375 mL/acre)
|
0 |
|
Double Nickel 55(Bacillus amyloliqufaciens strain D747) Group 44 |
0.5 to 2 kg/ha For smaller plants or low disease pressure: 0.5 to 1 kg/ha (200 to 405 g/acre) |
0 |
|
Double Nickel LC(Bacillus amyloliqufaciens strain D747) Group 44 |
2.5 to 10 L/ha For smaller plants or low disease pressure: 2.5 to 5 L/ha (1.0 to 2 L/acre) |
0 |
|
Serenade Opti(Bacillus subtilis)
Used in organics
|
2.5 kg/ha (1.0 kg/acre) | 0 |
|
Timorex Gold(tea tree oil) Used in organics |
1.5 to 1.88 L/ha (605 to 760 mL/acre) Apply in 400 to 1200 L/ha (160 to 485 L/acre) of water |
2 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada
Product | Rate | PHI* | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Bravo ZN(chlorothalonil) Group M5 |
2.4 to 4.0 L/ha (1.0 to 1.6 L/acre) |
2 |
|
Bravo ZNC(chlorothalonil) Group M5 |
|||
Echo 720(chlorothalonil) Group M5 |
1.7 to 2.8 L/ha (0.7 to 1.1 L/acre) |
1 |
|
Copper 53W(tri-basic copper sulphate) |
4.5 kg/ha (1.8 kg/acre) |
1 |
|
Copper oxychloride 50(copper oxychloride) |
4.0 kg/ha Apply in 1000 L/ha (405 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Cueva(copper octanoate) Group M1 Used in organics |
Use a 0.5% to 2% solution at 470 to 940 L/ha (190 to 380 L/acre) | 1 |
|
Dithane Rainshield(mancozeb) Group M3
|
3.25 kg/ha (1.3 kg/acre) |
30 |
|
Dithane F-45(mancozeb) Group M Note: no longer produced. Registration expires November 2023 |
1.8 to 5.5 L/ha (0.72 to 2.2 L/acre) |
7 |
|
Manzate DF(mancozeb) Note: no longer produced. Registration expires November 2022. |
1.75 to 3.25 kg/ha Apply in 200 to 1000 L/ha (80 to 405 L/acre) of water |
7 |
|
Penncozeb 75DF(mancozeb) Group M |
1.1 to 3.25 kg/ha (0.44 to 1.3 kg/acre) |
7 |
|
Penncozeb 75DF Raincoat(mancozeb) Group M |
1.1 to 3.25 kg/ha (0.44 to 1.3 kg/acre) |
7 |
|
Reason 500SC(fenamidone) Group 11 Plus: Rainshield NT (mancozeb) Group M |
200 mL/ha Plus: |
14 |
|
Cabrio EG(pyraclostrobin) |
560 to 1000 g/ha Apply in 225 L/ha (91 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Tanos 50 DF(famoxadone / cymoxanil) |
560 to 840 g/ha (224 to 336 g/acre) Apply in at least 250 L/ha (100 L/acre) of water |
3 |
|
Revus(mandipropamid) Group 40 |
400 to 600 mL/ha (160 to 240 mL/acre ) Apply in at least 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Orondis(oxathiapiprolin) Group 49 |
175 to 350 mL/ha (70 to 140 mL/acre Apply in 110 L/ha (45 L/acre) of water. |
0 |
|
Cyazofamid 400SC (formerly Ranman 400SC)(cyazofamid) Group 21 |
0.1 to 0.2 L/ha (40 to 81 mL /acre) Apply in 200 to 600 L/ha (80 to 240 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Torrent 400SC(cyazofamid) Group 21 |
0.1 to 0.2 L/ha (40 to 81 mL /acre) Apply in 200 to 600 L/ha (80 to 240 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Tattoo C(propamocarb HCl & chlorothalonil) Group 28 M Note: No longer produced. |
2.7 L/ha (1.1 L/acre) Apply in 200 to 300 L/ha (80 to 120 L/acre) of water |
5 |
|
Phostrol(mono- and dibasic sodium, potassium, and ammonium phosphites) Group 33 |
2.9 to 5.6 L/ha |
0 |
|
Confine Extra(mono- and di-potassium salts of phosphorous acid) Group 33 |
5 to 10 L/ha Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water |
1 |
|
Forum(dimethomorph)
Group 40
|
450 mL/ha Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Zampro(ametoctradin & dimethomorph) Group 40 & 45 |
1.0 L/ha (400 mL /acre) Apply in at least 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water |
4 |
|
Presidio(fluopicolide) |
220 to 292 mL/ha (89 to 118 mL/acre) Apply in 200 to 1000L/ha (80 to 400 L/acre) of water |
2 |
|
Taegro(Bacillus subtilis)
Used in organics
|
364 g/ha (147 g/acre) Apply in 935.4 L/ha (378.6 L/acre) of water |
0 |
|
Timorex Gold(tea tree oil) Used in organics |
2.0 to 3.0L/ha (495 to 740 mL/acre) Apply in 400 to 1200 L/ha (160 to 485 L/acre) of water |
2 |
|
*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).
OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada
Other related problems
Rot starts as a small, water-soaked area at the blossom end which darkens and enlarges until fruit ripens. It is caused by undesirable environmental conditions, principally drought stress or excessive nitrogen fertilizer. Interior blossom end rot causes browning inside the fruit.
Control
Maintain uniform moisture conditions throughout the growing season and avoid excessive nitrogen. Foliar applications of calcium chloride or calcium nitrate are rarely beneficial.
Symptoms are irregular fruit ripening. It is caused by a variety of cultural conditions and there is no known control. It has been linked to potassium or boron deficiency and to high nitrogen levels which favor excessive growth.
Control
Follow a well-balanced fertilizer program. Some varieties appear to be less susceptible than others.
Young plants show purple stems and petioles. Growth is slow. On mature plants, fruits show coarse brown russetting, distortion and cracking on russetted areas.
Control
For ground application rates, consult the Boron table in the Vegetable Production Guide: Nutrient Management (PDF). For foliar application, spray plants during June with Solubor at 1.1 to 1.7 kg/ha (0.4 to 0.7 kg/acre) in 1,000 L/ha (400 L/acre) of water. Foliar applications are preferable where beans or cucumbers are likely to follow tomatoes.
Use Ethrel for uniform ripening for once-over harvest and to enhance ripening in late varieties or during late seasons or when ripening is delayed. Apply when 5 to 30 percent of the fruit is red or partly red. The key to good results is good coverage. Use 3.75 to 6.4 L/ha (1.5 to 2.6 L/acre) in 30 to 500 L/ha (12 to 200 L/acre) of water.
Use the higher rate when day temperatures are less than 18°C and tomato growth is dense. Harvest fruit at proper maturity, generally 14 to 21 days after treatment. Observe treated fruit frequently for condition of crop. Cool temperatures can slow colour development and extend period between treatment and harvest. Fruit does not appreciably increase in size after Ethrel treatment.