Tomatoes

Last updated on December 21, 2023

Tomatoes

Growing tomatoes

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Varieties

Bush type

Early

Sunchief

Mid-season/late

Mountain Crest, Florida 47, QualiT23, Sun Brite, Mountain Fresh, Acclaim.

Staking

Ultra Boy, Early Girl, Fantastic.

Cherry type

Super Sweet 100, Sun Sugar, Sweet Million

Grape type

Smarty, Cupid.

Seed treatment

Use only hot-water treated seed from a reliable seed source. Use seed treated with Thiram seed protectant.

For control of Pythium damping off, use seed treated with Apron XL LS seed protectant.

See your seed dealer for the most recent variety recommendations.

Greenhouse temperature

The tomato is a warm-temperature vegetable and requires a long growing season. Transplants which are grown under glass should be kept close to the following temperatures:

During the day

18 to 21°C

At night

13 to 16°C until the seedlings are pricked out.

Planting

Use 70 g/ha (28 g/acre) of seed, depending on the variety and required plant population. Sow them in the greenhouse 6 to 8 weeks before field transplanting. Tomatoes are generally grown in plug trays to minimize root damage at transplanting. Large cell sizes such as 38s or 72s result in sturdy, early-producing plants, but because of higher costs are generally only used for early plantings. Cell sizes of 200 or more are often used for later plantings. Smaller cells are more cost-effective, but require a high level of management to obtain quality plants.

Provide adequate ventilation during the heat of the day, particularly after watering, which should be completed before 1 p.m. Water plants before signs of wilting appear. Harden transplants for about a week before transplanting to the field by slightly reducing the moisture and maintaining approximate outdoor temperatures.

Growing tomatoes using plasticulture provides many benefits. See the “Plasticulture” section of the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF).

See Mosaic and Streak under the Tomatoes Disease Management section of this page for control instructions.

Spacing

Rows 120 cm apart and plants 30 to 45 cm apart in the row, depending on variety recommendations.

Fertilizer

A soil test is necessary to determine phosphate and potash requirements. Use the Vegetable Production Guide: Nutrient Management (PDF) for recommendations based on soil test results. Broadcast and disc in the following:

90 kg/ha (36 kg/acre) nitrogen and the required phosphate and potash.
Side-dress with 22 kg/ha (9 kg/acre) of nitrogen when first fruits appear. Acid producing fertilizers are recommended for most areas.

Where mulching and trickle irrigation are practiced, additional nitrogen can be fed through the trickle irrigation system at 17 kg/ha (6.8 kg/acre) when the first fruit begins to set and an additional 17 kg/ha (6.8 kg/acre) four weeks after. To prevent clogging or plugging from occurring use soluble forms of nitrogen (Urea or Ammonium nitrate) and chlorinate the system once a month with a 10 to 50 ppm. chlorine solution. Chlorinate more frequently if the flow rate decreases.

Harvesting and handling

Tomatoes harvested at the mature green stage should be pre-cooled immediately to temperatures of 13 to 16°C; prolonged exposure to temperatures below 13°C result in chilling injuries. Mature green tomatoes may be held at 13°C and relative humidity of 85 – 90% for up to 6 weeks.

Tomatoes harvested at the semi-ripe and advanced stages should be pre-cooled to a temperature of 11°C immediately after picking and before passing them over sorting belts. Semi-ripe or advanced tomatoes may be held at 11 to 13°C, relative humidity 85 – 90%.

Ripe tomatoes are restricted to local markets. Firm, ripe fruit should be pre-cooled immediately after harvest to a temperature of 2 to 4°C before putting them over sorting belts. Ripe tomatoes may be held at 7 to 9°C and relative humidity of 85 – 90%.

Tomato weed management

A black or wavelength-selective plastic mulch provides excellent weed control and other benefits. See the “Plastic Mulches” section of the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF). For herbicide recommendations, see tables below.

Note: Best control is achieved when a combination of the chemical methods is used.

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Pre-plant incorporation

Pre-plant incorporation: herbicide application rates
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Sandea (halosulfuron) Group 2	35 to 70 g/ha (14.2 to 28.3 g/acre) Apply in 190 L/ha (77 L/acre) of water	30	For other uses, see Post-Emergence table on this page. Pre-transplant: Controls labelled broadleaf weeds including ladysthumb, wild mustard and redroot pigweed. Suppresses nutsedge. Apply as a pre-plant application to bare ground or under plastic mulch. If using plastic mulch, apply following final bed shaping and just prior to installation of the plastic mulch. Transplant crop into the treated area no sooner than 7 days after application and the installation of plastic mulch (if using plastic mulch). Use lower rate on lighter textured soils with low organic matter. Sandea-treated soil in the transplant hole may result in crop injury. Care should be taken to limit movement of soil during transplanting. Do not apply more than 140 g/ha (57 g/acre) of product per season. Do not make more than 2 applications per season. Can be applied as a broadcast or band application. For band applications, use proportionally less spray mixture based on the area actually sprayed so that a full rate is not concentrated into the band. Will not control ALS-inhibitor resistant weeds. Applications should be made to actively growing weeds at the heights defined in the "USE RATE GUIDE" section of the label. May cause temporary stunting. Observe plantback interval of 15 months for cabbage and carrots, 18 months for broccoli and cauliflower, 24 months for spinach and 36 months for beets. See label for other crops listed. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Bonanza 480 (trifluralin) Group 3	1.25 to 2.3 L/ha (500 to 900 mL/acre) Apply in at least 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) water at 275 kPa	N/A	Registered for transplants. Rates vary with soil type, see label for detail. Apply from 3 weeks prior to transplanting Incorporate thoroughly within 24 hours by double disc to 8 - 10 cm. Controls seedling grasses and many broadleaved weeds, but nightshade, mustards, groundsel, cudweed, shepherd’s-purse and lady’s-thumb are resistant. Do not use on cold, wet soils, or soils with less than 2% or more than 15% organic matter. If manure is spread prior to application ensure it has been thoroughly mixed into soil with at least 2 tillage operations prior to application. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Prowl H₂O (pendimethalin) Group 3	2.2 L/ha (0.9 L/acre) Apply in at least 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water	21	Controls green foxtail and redroot pigweed as they germinate, but will not control established weeds. Suppression only for lamb's-quarters. Do not use on muck soils. Make application prior to transplanting. Do not use prior to direct-seeded tomatoes. Destroy existing weeds before applying. Avoid root contact with treated soil when placing transplants into the furrow or hole to avoid crop injury. Do not apply post-emergence over the top of or to the foliage of the crop or severe crop injury may occur. Destroy existing weeds before applying. Adequate soil moisture improves control. Apply once per season. Do not apply more than once in 2 consecutive years. In the event of crop failure, treated land can be reseeded to corn or snap beans. See label for planting directions. Rotational crops such as field corn and dry bulb onions may be planted the year follwing treatment. Fall seeded crops such as winter wheat, winter barley and winter rapeseed should not be planted on land treated the previous spring. Do not re-enter treated area for 24 hours.
Devrinol 50-DF (napropamide) Group 15	2.25 to 4.5 kg/ha (0.9 to 1.8 kg/acre) Apply in 200 to 900 L/ha (80 to 365 L/acre) of water	N/A	Apply and incorporate before planting. Do not make more than 1 application per year. Apply to a well-worked soil that is dry enough to permit thorough incorporation to a depth of 2.5 to 5.0 cm. Incorporate the same day as applied. Use the lower rate on coarse textured sandy and sandy-loam soils. Do not apply to soils with more than 10% organic matter. Weeds controlled include germinating annual grasses and broadleaved weeds. Do not plant with crops not on the label for 12 months after the last application. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Devrinol 2-XT (napropamide) Group 15	4.69 to 9.38 L/ha (1.90 to 3.80 L/acre) Apply in 200 to 900 L/ha (80 to 365 L/acre) of water	N/A	Apply and incorporate before planting. Do not make more than 1 application per year. Apply to a well-worked soil that is dry enough to permit thorough incorporation to a depth of 2.5 to 5.0 cm. Incorporate the same day as applied. Use the lower rate on coarse textured sandy and sandy-loam soils. Do not apply to soils with more than 10% organic matter. Weeds controlled include germinating annual grasses and broadleaved weeds. Do not plant with crops not on the label for 12 months after the last application. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.

*PHI = Pre-harvest interval
BUFFERS – Refer to product label for buffer requirements, and consult the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Regulations and Safety (PDF).
PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS – see the Vegetable Production Guide: Pesticide Toxicity Table (PDF).

Pre-emergence

Pre-emergence: herbicide application rates
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Authority 480 (sulfentrazone) Group 14	0.292 L/ha (0.118 L/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water at 175 kPa	19	Controls redroot pigweed, lamb's quarters, Eastern black nightshade and common groundsel. Apply as a broadcast or banded treatment prior to transplanting. When applied as a banded treatment, see label to calculate rate and volume, and apply only once per year. Authority 480 requires adequate rainfall or irrigation to activate. Do not use on coarse-textured soils classified as sand that have less than 1% organic matter. Do not use on fine-textured soils with less than 1.5% organic matter. Do not apply on soils with an organic matter content greater than 6%. Do not use on soils with a pH of 7.8 or greater. Early crop injury may be observed, but the final yield should not be affected. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. Observe a plantback interval of 24 months for sweet corn and 16 months for winter wheat.

Post-emergence

Post-emergence: herbicide application rates
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Poast Ultra (sethoxydim) Group 1 Note: No longer produced	Annual grasses (incl. volunteer cereals): 320 mL/ha (130 mL/ac) Annual grasses & quackgrass suppression: 470 mL/ha (190 mL/ac) Quackgrass: 1.1 L/ha (445 mL/ac)	60	For control of annual grasses and quackgrass suppression, add Merge adjuvant using a rate of 0.5 - 1.0 L/ha (0.2 - 0.4 L/ac). For control of quackgrass, add Merge adjuvant using a rate of 1.0 - 2.0 l/ha (0.4 - 0.8 L/ac). Annual bluegrass is not controlled. Apply when annual weeds are in the 1 to 6 leaf stage and when quackgrass is in the 1 to 3 leaf stage. Apply in 50 to 200 L/ha (20 to 80 L/acre) of water at 240 kPa pressure.. See label for water volume and pressure when weed infestations or crop canopies are dense. Observe a 30 day plantback interval for crops not listed. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Excel Super (fenoxaprop-ethyl) Group 1	670 mL/ha (270 mL/acre) Apply in at least 110 L/ha (45 L/acre) water at 275 kPa	55	Apply between the 1 to 6 leaf stage of weedy grasses. Controls foxtails, barnyard grass, crabgrass, fall panicum, Proso millet and old witch grass. Does not control quackgrass, sedges, or perennial grasses. Do not apply any other pesticide or chemical 4 days before or after applying Excel Super.
Venture L (fluazifop-p-butyl & S-isomer) Group 1	barnyard grass (2-5 leaf stage): 0.8 L/ha (0.32 L/acre) proso millet (2-5 leaf): 1.0 L/ha (0.4 L/acre) foxtails (2-4 leaf): 1.4 L/ha (0.56 L/acre) quackgrass (3-5 leaf): 2.0 L/ha (0.8 L/acre)	60	Do not use in greenhouses. Annual bluegrass and broadleaved weeds are not controlled. Apply in 50 to 200 L/ha (20 to 80 L/acre) water at 200 to 300 kPa. Apply using 425 kPa pressure for dense weed infestations or dense crop canopies. Warning: Women capable of bearing children should avoid exposure to Venture. Do not handle more than 50 kg a.i. (400 L product) per day. Use a closed cab when applying more than 33 kg a.i. (264 L product) per day. Observe a plantback interval of 12 months for crops not listed. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Pinnacle 75 Toss-N-Go (thifensulfuron-methyl) Group 2 PLUS: Agral 90 or Agsurf or Citowett Plus	5.5 to 8.0 g/ha (2.2 to 3.2 g/acre) PLUS: 1.0 L per 1000 L of spray solution	45	Post-emergence control of broadleaved weeds. See label for rates, depending on weed types and weed height. Weeds should be less than 10 cm high. Make 1 application per season. Apply 3 weeks after trans-planting. Use a minimum of 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Prism 25 DF (rimsulfuon) Group 2 PLUS: Agral 90 or Agsurf or Citowett Plus	60 g/ha (24 g/acre) PLUS: 2.0 L per 1000 L of spray solution	30	Post-emergence control of annual grasses, quackgrass, hairy nightshade, and redroot pigweed. Suppression only of lamb’s quarters. Do not cultivate within 7 to 10 before or after application. Do not make more than 1 application per year. See label for rates, weed types, and weed stages. Must be applied with a non-ionic surfactant at 0.2% v/v. Follow label instructions about plant back restrictions. Rainfall within 2 to 4 hours of application may reduce effectiveness. Apply when temperatures are between 5 to 28o C in the 24 hours before AND after application. Temperatures beyond this range or stress caused by other conditions increase potential for crop injury. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Sandea (halosulfuron) Group 2	35 to 70 g/ha (14.2 to 28.3 g/acre) Apply in 190 L/ha (75 L/acre) of water	30	A sequential application may be necessary for some annual and perennial weeds. Repeat using a 21 day interval. Do not apply more than 140 g/ha (57 g/acre) of product per season. Do not apply more than twice per season. Wait to overhead sprinkler irrigate for 2 to 3 days after application. If a timely soil cultivation is necessary to improve control, wait 7 to 10 days after treatment. Direct-seeded: Apply over the top once crop has reached the 4-leaf stage through first bloom. Following bloom, only apply as a directed spray or with crop shields to minimize contact of product with the crop. If necessary, make a spot application 21 days later to those areas where nutsedge has germinated or regrown. Do not exceed rate of 70 g per treated hectare (28.3 g/ treated acre) in these areas. Post-transplant: Apply to established, actively growing transplants 14 days after transplanting, but before first bloom. Following bloom, only apply as a directed spray or with crop shields to minimize contact of product with the crop. Nutsedge Control following Pre-transplant: Suppresses nutsedge. Apply as a pre-plant application to bare ground or under plastic mulch. If using plastic mulch, apply following final bed shaping and just prior to installation of the plastic mulch. Transplant crop into the treated area no sooner than 7 days after application and the installation of plastic mulch (if using plastic mulch). Use lower rate on lighter textured soils with low organic matter. Sandea-treated soil in the transplant hole may result in crop injury. Care should be taken to limit movement of soil during transplanting. Do not apply more than 140 g/ha (57 g/acre) of product per season. Do not make more than 2 applications per season. Can be applied as a broadcast or band application. For band applications, use proportionally less spray mixture based on the area actually sprayed so that a full rate is not concentrated into the band. Will not control ALS-inhibitor resistant weeds. Applications should be made to actively growing weeds at the heights defined in the "USE RATE GUIDE" section of the label. May cause temporary stunting. Apply as a spot treatment to areas where nutsedge has broken through the plastic mulch. Do not exceed the rate of 55 mL per treated hectare (22.3 mL/ treated acre). Other: Controls broadleaf weeds including ladysthumb, wild mustard, yellow nutsedge and redroot pigweed. Suppresses horsetail, shepherd's purse and smartweed. Will not control ALS-inhibitor resistant weeds. Applications should be made to actively growing weeds at the heights defined in the "USE RATE GUIDE" section of the label. Treat actively growing nutsedge plants at the 3 to 5 leaf stage. Heavy infestations may require sequential applications. May cause temporary stunting. Observe plantback interval of 15 months for cabbage and carrots, 18 months for broccoli and cauliflower, 24 months for spinach and 36 months for beets. See label for other crops listed. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Aim EC (carfentrazone-ethyl) Group 14	37 to 117 mL/ha (15 to 47 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	1	Registered for transplanted tomatoes. Controls annual weeds. Must be applied using hooded sprayers to weeds between the rows of the emerged crop. Use an adjuvant such as Agral 90 or Agral-Surf at 0.25% v/v (0.25 L/100 L of spray solution) or Merge at 1% v/v (1 L/100 L of spray solution). Precaution: crop injury will occur when spray drift is allowed to come in contact with green stem tissue, leaves, blooms or fruit of the crop. Apply only once per growing season. Do not apply if used as a pre-plant burn-down in the same season. See Vegetable Production Guide: Pest Management (PDF, 1.2 MB) for pre-plant burn-down precautions.

Tomato insect management

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Aphids

These small (<2 mm), soft-bodied, sucking insects cluster on growing tips or on leaves and cause wilting and yellowing. They also serve as vectors of some virus diseases affecting tomatoes.

Control

See table below.

Chemical control of aphids
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Assail 70 WP (acetamiprid) Group 4	56 to 86 g/ha (23 to 35 g/acre) Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water	7	Repeat at a 7 day interval. Do not make more than 2 applications per season. Do not apply more than 240 g/ha (96 g/acre) per season. Toxic to bees. Do not apply to flowering crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Actara 25WG (thiamethoxam) Group 4	105 g/ha (42 g/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	1	Maximum of two foliar applications per season. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not use following an in-furrow or soil application of Actara 240 SC. Observe a 120 day plant back interval for crops not on this label. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. Highly toxic to bees. Do not apply or allow to drift onto blooming crops or weeds if bees are foraging in or adjacent to the treatment area.
Sivanto Prime (flupyradifurone) Group 4D	Soil Application: Up to 26,650 plants per ha: 750 mL per 10,000 plants Up to 20,000 plants per ha: 1000 mL per 10,000 plants	45	Apply using chemigation into the root-zone through low-pressure drip, trickle, micro-sprinkler or equivalent equipment. Do not use in greenhouses. Do not follow a soil application of Sivanto Prime with a foliar application of Sivanto Prime or other Group 4D insecticide. Do not apply more than 2000 mL/ha (810 mL/acre) of product per season. Do not enter treated areas for 12 hours.
Sivanto Prime (flupyradifurone) Group 4D	Foliar Application: 500 to 750 mL/ha (200 to 300 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	7	Do not use in greenhouses. Do not make a foliar application of Sivanto Prime following a soil application of Sivanto Prime or other Group 4D insecticide. Repeat at a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 2000 mL/ha (810 mL/acre) of product per season. Toxic to bees. Do not apply to flowering crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. Do not enter treated areas for 12 hours.
Beleaf (flonicamid) Group 9C	120 to 160 g/ha (50 to 60 g/acre) Apply in 94 L/ha (38L/acre) of water.	0	Repeat at 7 day intervals. Do not apply more than 3 times per year. Do not apply more than 480 g/ha (200 g/acre) of product per season.
Versys (afidopyropen) Group 9D	100 mL/ha (40 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	0	Apply as a groundspray. Do not apply in greenhouses. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 4 times per year. Ensure thorough coverage. Do not apply more than 1.25 L/ha (506 mL/acre) per year. During the crop blooming period, apply only in the evening when most bees are not foraging. Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for crops not listed. Do not re-enter for 12 hours.
Movento (spirotetramat) Group 23	220 to 365 mL/ha (90 to 150 mL/acre) Apply in 300 L/ha (120 L/acre) of water	1	Movento 240 SC should be used with one of the following adjuvants: non-ionic (eg. Agral 90 or Ag-Surf) or methylated seed oil (eg. Hasten). Maximum allowed per crop season: 730 mL/ha (295 mL/acre). Repeat at 7 day intervals. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. Toxic to bees. Do not apply during crop flowering period or when flowering weeds are present in the field.
Pyganic (pyrethrins) Used in organics	2.32 to 4.65 L/ha (0.9 to 1.9 L/acre)	0	Final mix should be buffered to pH of 5.5 to 7.0 Apply at a 7 day spray interval. Maximum of 8 applications per season. Do not wet to the point of run off. Highly toxic to bees. Avoid use when bees are actively foraging. Best applied in early morning or evening. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. Pyganic products are OMRI-USA listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.
Admire 240F (imidacloprid) Group 4	Transplant soil application: 7 to 12 mL per 100m of row (see rate conversion chart of label for row spacing calculations)	N/A	Use one of the following methods: Apply specified dosage in 2000 L/ha (800 L/ac) of water as a narrow (5 cm or less) surface band over the seedline during planting. Seedlings or established transplants: apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/ac) of water as a subsurface side-dress on both sides of each row. Product must be incorporated into the root zone. Post-seeding drench or transplant-water drench: use higher water volumes to thoroughly wet the soil Do not apply more than once per season as a soil application. Do not make any subsequent application of a group 4 insecticide.
Admire 240F (imidacloprid) Group 4	Foliar application: 200 mL/ha (80 mL/acre)	7	Apply after transplanting. Repeat using a 5 day interval. Do not make more than 2 applications per year. Do not follow a soil application with a foliar application of Admire 240F. Do not re-enter treated area for 24 hours.
Exirel (cyantraniliprole) Group 28	500 to 1500 mL/ha (200 to 600 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	1	Do not make more than 4 applications per growing season. Repeat using a 5 day interval. Use with an adjuvant such as Hasten NT at a rate of 0.25% v/v or MSO Concentrate with Leci-Tech at a rate of 0.5% v/v. Do not apply more than 4.5 L/ha (1.8 L/acre) per season. Toxic to bees and certain beneficial insects. Apply early in the morning or late in the evening when bees are not active. Note: Do not tank-mix or apply in sequence with strobilurin-, copper- or captan-containing fungicides. Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for legume vegetables, cereals, grass, crop group 1A (inlcuding beets, carrots, radish, parsnip, turnip) and crop group 2 (including beet greens and turnip greens). Observe a plantback interval of 1 year for crops not on this label. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.

OMRI-USA = Organic Materials Review Institute of USA.

Colorado potato beetle

Beetles are yellow and black striped. Larvae are reddish orange with two rows of black spots on each side. Both adults and larvae feed on the foliage. Control measures may be required in the Southern Interior. Colorado potato beetles are not known to occur at the Coast.

Control

See table below.

Chemical control of Colorado potato beetles
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Admire 240F (imidacloprid) Group 4	Transplant soil application: 7 to 12 mL per 100m of row (see rate conversion chart of label for row spacing calculations)	N/A	Use one of the following methods: Apply specified dosage in 2000 L/ha (800 L/ac) of water as a narrow (5 cm or less) surface band over the seedline during planting. Seedlings or established transplants: apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/ac) of water as a subsurface side-dress on both sides of each row. Product must be incorporated into the root zone. Post-seeding drench or transplant-water drench: use higher water volumes to thoroughly wet the soil Do not apply more than once per season as a soil application. Do not make any subsequent application of a group 4 insecticide.
Admire 240F (imidacloprid) Group 4	Foliar application: 200 mL/ha (80 mL/acre)	7	Apply after transplanting. Repeat using a 5 day interval. Do not make more than 2 applications per year. Do not follow a soil application with a foliar application of Admire 240F. Do not re-enter treated area for 24 hours.
Minecto Pro (abamectin/ cyantraniliprole) Group 6 & 28	556 to 670 mL/ha (225 to 271 mL/acre) Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water	7	Also controls flea beetle. Check label for rate and directions. Use with 0.1 to 0.5% v/v non-ionic surfactant in the spray mixture. Make 1^st application after approximately 50% of the egg masses have hatched and larvae are present. If 2 applications are necessary, limit them to a single CPB generation per crop. Ensure thorough coverage. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 3 times per season using the high rate. Do not apply more than 5 times per season using the low rate. Do not apply more than 2.223 L/ha (900 mL/acre) per season. Do not apply for 60 days following an in-furrow or soil application or seed piece treatment with any group 28 insecticide. Check label for plantback intervals. Do not re-enter for 12 hours.
Exirel (cyantraniliprole) Group 28	750 to 1000 mL/ha (300 to 400 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	1	Do not make more than 4 applications per growing season. Repeat using a 7 to 14 day interval. Do not apply more than 4.5 L/ha (1.8 L/acre) per season. Toxic to bees and certain beneficial insects. Apply early in the morning or late in the evening when bees are not active. Note: Do not tank-mix or apply in sequence with strobilurin-, copper- or captan-containing fungicides. Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for legume vegetables, cereals, grass, crop group 1A (inlcuding beets, carrots, radish, parsnip, turnip) and crop group 2 (inlcuding beet greens and turnip greens). Observe a plantback interval of 1 year for crops not on this label. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Pounce 384 EC/ Perm-Up EC (permethrin) Group 3	180 to 260 mL/ha (73 to 105 mL/acre)	1	Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 5 times per year. Do not apply more than 1,822 mL/ha (737 mL/acre) per season. Repeated use may result in a buildup of spider mites and other pests. Toxic to bees. Avoid spraying during the crop blooming period. If applications must be made during blooming period, restrict applications to evening when most bees are not foraging. A vegetative filter strip is required between the field edge and adjacent downhill aquatic habitats. See label for details. Observe a plantback interval of 60 days for food and feed crops not listed. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Concept (imidacloprid & deltamethrin) Group 3 & 4	650 mL/ ha (263 mL/ ac) Apply in 100 to 200 L/ha (40 to 80 L/acre) of water	7	Do not apply more than once every 5 days Maximum 3 applications per year. Do not apply following a seed treatment or soil application of a Group 4 insecticide. Observe a plant back interval of 9 months for peas and beans and one year for all other crops not listed on label. Highly toxic to bees. Do not apply to blooming crops if bees are visiting treatment area. Do not enter treated area for 24 hours.
Coragen (chlorantraniliprole) Group 28	250 to 375 mL/ha (100 to 150 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	1	Repeat at 5 day intervals. Maximum 4 applications per year. Do not apply more than 1.125 L/ha (455 mL/ac) per season. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Harvanta 50SL (cyclaniliprole) Group 28	0.8 to 1.2 L/ha (324 to 485 mL/acre) Apply in 200 to 1000 L/ha (80 to 400 L/acre) of water	1	Do not use in the greenhouse. Repeat using a 5 day interval. Do not make more than 4 applications per crop per year. Do not apply more than 4.8 L/ha (1.9 L/acre) per year. Toxic to bees. Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for crops not listed. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Decis 5 EC (deltamethrin) Group 3	100 to 150 mL/ha (40 to 60 mL/acre) Apply in 200 to 500 L/ha (80 to 200 L/acre) of water	3	Apply on a warm evening in sufficient water to wet soil around the base of each plant. Maximum of 1 application per season in high organic matter (muck) soils.
Mako (cypermethrin) Group 3	85 mL/ha (35 mL/acre) Apply in 100 to 500 L/ha (40 to 200 L/acre) of water	3	Do not use in the greenhouse. Repeat using 7 day intervals. Do not apply more than 3 times per year. Apply when damage first appears. Very toxic to bees. If applications during bloom are no avoidable, treat in the evening when most bees are not foraging. If the field slopes downward to water, construct and maintain a vegetative filter strip. Check label for details. Observe a 30 day plantback interval for crops not listed. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Up-Cyde 2.5 EC (cypermethrin) Group 3	140 mL/ha (55 mL/acre) Apply in 100 to 500 L/ha (40 to 200 L/acre) of water	3	Do not use in the greenhouse. Repeat using 7 day intervals. Do not apply more than 3 times per year. Apply when damage first appears. Very toxic to bees. If applications during bloom are no avoidable, treat in the evening when most bees are not foraging. If the field slopes downward to water, construct and maintain a vegetative filter strip. Check label for details. Observe a 30 day plantback interval for crops not listed. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Matador 120EC/ Silencer 120EC (lambda- cyhalothrin) Group 3	83 to 125 mL/ha (34 to 51 mL/acre)	7	Apply as a groundspray in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water. Use the high rate when CPB larvae are beyond the 2nd instar stage or when populations are high. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 2 times per season when using the 125 mL/ha (50 mL/acre) rate. Do not apply more than 250 mL/ha (101 mL/ac) per season. If the field slopes downward to water, construct and maintain a vegetative filter strip. Check label for details. Toxic to bees. Avoid spraying when bees are foraging. Check label for personal protective equipment requirements. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Assail 70 WP (acetamiprid) Group 4	40 to 80 g/ha (16 to 32 g/acre)	7	Do not make more than 2 applications per season. Repeat at a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 240 g/ha (96 g/acre) of product per season. Toxic to bees. Do not apply to flowering crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Sivanto Prime (flupyradifurone) Group 4D	750 to 1000 mL/ha (300 to 400 mL/acre)	7	Do not use in greenhouses. Do not make a foliar application of Sivanto Prime following a soil application of Sivanto Prime or other Group 4D insecticide. Repeat at a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 2000 mL/ha (810 mL/acre) of product per season. Toxic to bees. Do not apply to flowering crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area. Do not enter treated areas for 12 hours.
Entrust 80 (spinosad) Group 5 Used in organics	50 g/ha (20 g/acre)	1	Repeat using 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not apply more than 3 times per year. Highly toxic to bees. Do not apply if bees are visiting the area. Harmful to parasitoids and predatory mites. Slightly harmful to foliage-dwelling predators. Highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment, drift or residues. Harmful to parasitoids and predatory mites. Slightly harmful to foliage-dwelling predators. Entrust products are OMRI-USA listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation. Do not re-enter treated area until residues have dried.
Entrust (spinosad) Group 5 Used in organics	167 mL/ha (68 mL/acre)	1	Repeat using 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not apply more than 3 times per year. Highly toxic to bees. Do not apply if bees are visiting the area. Harmful to parasitoids and predatory mites. Slightly harmful to foliage-dwelling predators. Highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment, drift or residues. Harmful to parasitoids and predatory mites. Slightly harmful to foliage-dwelling predators. Entrust products are OMRI-USA listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation. Do not re-enter treated area until residues have dried.
Success (spinosad) Group 5	83 mL/ha (34 mL/acre)	1	Repeat using 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not apply more than 3 times per year. Highly toxic to bees. Do not apply if bees are visiting the area. Harmful to parasitoids and predatory mites. Slightly harmful to foliage-dwelling predators. Highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment, drift or residues. Harmful to parasitoids and predatory mites. Slightly harmful to foliage-dwelling predators. Do not re-enter treated area until residues have dried.

OMRI-USA = Organic Materials Review Institute of USA.

Cutworms

Cutworms are drab-coloured, fleshy worms up to 4 cm long which feed at night at or below ground level, or they may climb and feed on aerial portions of plants. During the day they are found in soil or under clods near attacked plants. Freshly transplanted succulent plants are especially susceptible. Heavy populations of cutworms may be expected on fields that were covered with weeds or other plant debris the previous fall.

Control

See table below.

Chemical control of cutworms
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Sevin XLR (carbaryl) Group 1A	45 mL/100 m of row Apply in 225 to 275 L/ha (90 to 110 L/acre) of water	2	Maximum of 2 applications per year. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Apply on a warm evening in sufficient water to wet soil around the base of each plant. Spray in 25 to 30 cm band over row. Toxic to bees. Avoid application during the crop blooming period. If necessary to treat, apply in the evening to avoid foraging bees. Do not enter treated area for tying, hand-harvesting, pruning or irrigation for 6 days. Do not re-enter for scouting, thinning, hand-weeding or staking for 12 hours.
Pounce 384 EC/ Perm-Up EC (permethrin) Group 3	180 to 260 mL/ha (73 to 105 mL/acre)	1	Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 5 times per year. Do not apply more than 1,822 mL/ha (737 mL/acre) per season. Repeated use may result in a buildup of spider mites and other pests. Toxic to bees. Avoid spraying during the crop blooming period. If applications must be made during blooming period, restrict applications to evening when most bees are not foraging. A vegetative filter strip is required between the field edge and adjacent downhill aquatic habitats. See label for details. Observe a plantback interval of 60 days for food and feed crops not listed. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Concept (imidacloprid & deltamethrin) Group 3 & 4	650 mL/ ha (263 mL/ ac) Apply in 100 to 200 L/ha (40 to 80 L/acre) of water	7	Do not apply more than once every 5 days Maximum 3 applications per year. Do not apply following a seed treatment or soil application of a Group 4 insecticide. Observe a plant back interval of 9 months for peas and beans and one year for all other crops not listed on label. Highly toxic to bees. Do not apply to blooming crops if bees are visiting treatment area. Do not enter treated area for 24 hours.
Scorpio Ant and Insect Bait (spinosad) Group 5	25 to 50 kg/ha (10.1 to 20.2 kg/acre)	1	Controls black cutworm. Apply using a spreader suitable for granulars or by hand. Scatter the bait on the soil around seedlings. Do not place in piles Repeat after heavy rain or irrigation. Repeat as the bait is consumed or after 4 weeks. Do not apply more than 3 times per season. Works better when soil is moist but with little or no standing water. Toxic to bees and certain beneficials.
Minecto Pro (abamectin/ cyantraniliprole) Group 6 & 28	370 to 556 mL/ha (150 to 225 mL/acre) Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water	7	Use with 0.1 to 0.5% v/v non-ionic surfactant in the spray mixture. For early season control, apply when rain is not expected in the next 24 hours. For best results, apply to smaller plants when lower portions of plant can receive adequate coverage. Ensure thorough coverage. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 3 times per season using the high rate. Do not apply more than 5 times per season using the low rate. Do not apply more than 2.223 L/ha (900 mL/acre) per season. Do not apply for 60 days following an in-furrow or soil application or seed piece treatment with any group 28 insecticide. Check label for plantback intervals. Do not re-enter for 12 hours.
Coragen (chlorantraniliprole) Group 28	250 to 375 mL/ha (100 to 150 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	1	Repeat at 5 day intervals. Maximum 4 applications per year. Do not apply more than 1.125 L/ha (455 mL/ac) per season. For black cutworm control: Apply when rain is not expected in the next 24 hours and apply to smaller plants or when lower portions of the plant can receive adequate coverage. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Exirel (cyantraniliprole) Group 28	500 to 750 mL/ha (200 to 305 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	1	Do not make more than 4 applications per growing season. Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. Do not apply more than 4.5 L/ha (1.8 L/acre) per season. Toxic to bees and certain beneficial insects. Apply early in the morning or late in the evening when bees are not active. Note: Do not tank-mix or apply in sequence with strobilurin-, copper- or captan-containing fungicides. Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for legume vegetables, cereals, grass, crop group 1A (inlcuding beets, carrots, radish, parsnip, turnip) and crop group 2 (inlcuding beet greens and turnip greens). Observe a plantback interval of 1 year for crops not on this label. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.

Flea beetles

These shiny, black jumping beetles eat holes in leaves, giving them a shot-holed appearance. Seedlings are particularly at risk of damage and death. On mixed vegetable farms and in gardens where potatoes are also grown, flea beetles on tomatoes should be controlled promptly before they spread to the potato crop.

Control

See table below.

Chemical control of flea beetles
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Minecto Pro (abamectin/ cyantraniliprole) Group 6 & 28	385 to 741 mL/ha (156 to 300 mL/acre) Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water	7	Use with 0.1 to 0.5% v/v non-ionic surfactant in the spray mixture. Ensure thorough coverage. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 3 times per season using the high rate. Do not apply more than 5 times per season using the low rate. Do not apply more than 2.223 L/ha (900 mL/acre) per season. Do not apply for 60 days following an in-furrow or soil application or seed piece treatment with any group 28 insecticide. Check label for plantback intervals. Do not re-enter for 12 hours.
Exirel (cyantraniliprole) Group 28	500 to 1000 mL/ha (200 to 400 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	1	Do not make more than 4 applications per growing season. Repeat using a 5 day interval. Do not apply more than 4.5 L/ha (1.8 L/acre) per season. Toxic to bees and certain beneficial insects. Apply early in the morning or late in the evening when bees are not active. Note: Do not tank-mix or apply in sequence with strobilurin-, copper- or captan-containing fungicides. Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for legume vegetables, cereals, grass, crop group 1A (inlcuding beets, carrots, radish, parsnip, turnip) and crop group 2 (inlcuding beet greens and turnip greens). Observe a plantback interval of 1 year for crops not on this label. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Sevin XLR (carbaryl) Group 1A	2.5 L/ha (1 L/acre)	2	Maximum of 2 applications per year. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Toxic to bees. Avoid application during the crop blooming period. If necessary to treat, apply in the evening to avoid foraging bees. Do not enter treated area for tying, hand-harvesting, pruning or irrigation for 6 days. Do not re-enter for scouting, thinning, hand-weeding or staking for 12 hours.
Matador 120EC/ Silencer 120EC (lambda-cyhalothrin) Group 3	83 mL/ha (34 mL/acre)	7	Apply as a groundspray in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 3 times per season when using the 83 mL/ha (34 mL/acre) rate. Do not apply more than 250 mL/ha (101 mL/ac) per season. If the field slopes downward to water, construct and maintain a vegetative filter strip. Check label for details. Toxic to bees. Avoid spraying when bees are foraging. Check label for personal protective equipment requirements. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.

Hornworms

These are large, (10 cm long when mature), pale-green worms with a short, red horn on the posterior end. They feed on foliage and fruit. When worms are first noticed, hand-pick and destroy them. Spot-treat if practical or under more severe conditions treat the whole field.

Control

See table below.

Chemical control of hornworms
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Pounce 384 EC/ Perm-Up EC (permethrin) Group 3	180 to 260 mL/ha (73 to 105 mL/acre)	1	Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 5 times per year. Do not apply more than 1,822 mL/ha (737 mL/acre) per season. Repeated use may result in a buildup of spider mites and other pests. Toxic to bees. Avoid spraying during the crop blooming period. If applications must be made during blooming period, restrict applications to evening when most bees are not foraging. A vegetative filter strip is required between the field edge and adjacent downhill aquatic habitats. See label for details. Observe a plantback interval of 60 days for food and feed crops not listed. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Danitol (fenpropathrin) Group 3	779 mL/ha (315 mL/ac) Apply in 250 L/ha 100 L/ac) of water	Hand harvesting or mechanically assisted harvesting: 6 Mechanical harvesting: 3	Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 4 time per year. Do not apply more than 3.118 L/ha (1.262 L/acre) per year. Do not tankmix with copper formulations. Toxic to bees, birds, small wild mammals and certain beneficial arthropods. Avoid applications when crop is in bloom, or make applications during evening when most bees are not foraging. A vegetative field strip is required between the field edge and adjacent downhill aquatic habitats (check label for details). Observe a plantback interval for 12 months for crops not listed on this label. Do not re-enter treated area for 17 days for handset irrigation, 6 days for tying or training and 24 hours for all other activities.
Concept (imidacloprid & deltamethrin) Group 3 & 4	650 mL/ ha (263 mL/ ac) Apply in 100 to 200 L/ha (40 to 80 L/acre) of water	7	Do not apply more than once every 5 days Maximum 3 applications per year. Do not apply following a seed treatment or soil application of a Group 4 insecticide. Observe a plant back interval of 9 months for peas and beans and one year for all other crops not listed on label. Highly toxic to bees. Do not apply to blooming crops if bees are visiting treatment area. Do not enter treated area for 24 hours.
Coragen (chlorantraniliprole) Group 28	250 to 375 mL/ha (100 to 150 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	1	Repeat at 5 day intervals. Maximum 4 applications per year. Do not apply more than 1.125 L/ha (455 mL/ac) per season. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Exirel (cyantraniliprole) Group 28	750 mL/ha (405 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	1	Suppression only. Do not make more than 4 applications per growing season. Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. Do not apply more than 4.5 L/ha (1.8 L/acre) per season. Toxic to bees and certain beneficial insects. Apply early in the morning or late in the evening when bees are not active. See aphid section comments for tank-mix precautions and plantback intervals. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Bioprotec CAF (Bacillus thuringiensis)	0.65 to 1.1 L/ha (260 to 445 mL/acre) Apply in 300 L/ha (120 L/acre) of water	0	Most effective when applied to young caterpillars.
Dipel 2X DF (Bacillus thuringiensis) Used in organics	140 to 275 g/ha (55 to 110 g/acre)	0	Contains bacteria that must be eaten by the larvae. Most effective when the insect larvae are small. Apply every 5 to 7 days as needed. Use sufficient spray volume to ensure uniform deposition. Dipel products are OMRI-USA listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.
Sevin XLR (carbaryl) Group 1A	2.5 to 5.25 L/ha (1.0 to 2.1 L/acre)	2	Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals.

OMRI-USA = Organic Materials Review Institute of USA.

Spidermites

Chemical control of spidermites
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Malathion 85E (malathion) Group 1B	735 to 975 mL/ha (295 to 395 mL/acre) Apply in 1000 L/ha (405 L/acre) of water	3	Also controls aphids, leaf hoppers and leaf miners. Check label. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not make more than 4 applications per year. Best control is obtained when temperature is above 20°C. Toxic to fish. Do not apply after expiry date on the container label. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Danitol (fenpropathrin) Group 3	779 mL/ha (315 mL/ac) Apply in 250 L/ha 100 L/ac) of water	Hand harvesting or mechanically assisted harvesting: 6 Mechanical harvesting: 3	Apply when mite populations are less than 5 motiles per leaf. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 4 time per year. Do not apply more than 3.118 L/ha (1.262 L/acre) per year. Do not tankmix with copper formulations. Toxic to bees, birds, small wild mammals and certain beneficial arthropods. Avoid applications when crop is in bloom, or make applications during evening when most bees are not foraging. A vegetative field strip is required between the field edge and adjacent downhill aquatic habitats (check label for details). Observe a plantback interval for 12 months for crops not listed on this label. Do not re-enter treated area for 17 days for handset irrigation, 6 days for tying or training and 24 hours for all other activities.
Minecto Pro (abamectin/ cyantraniliprole) Group 6 & 28	385 to 670 mL/ha (156 to 271 mL/acre) Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water	7	Use with 0.1 to 0.5% v/v non-ionic surfactant in the spray mixture. Apply when mites 1^st appear. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 3 times per season using the high rate. Do not apply more than 5 times per season using the low rate. Do not apply more than 2.223 L/ha (900 mL/acre) per season. Do not apply for 60 days following an in-furrow or soil application or seed piece treatment with any group 28 insecticide. Check label for plantback intervals. Do not re-enter for 12 hours.
Acramite 50WS (bifenazate) Group 25	851 g/ha (344 g/acre) Rate is equivalent to 15 pouches per 4 ha Apply in 500 L/ha (200 L/acre) of water.	3	Controls two spotted spider mite. Do not apply more than once per year. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Nealta (cyflumetofen) Group 25	1 L/ha Apply in 500 L/ha (200 L/acre) of water.	3	Controls two spotted spider mite. Repeat using a 14 day interval. Do not apply more than two times per year. Do not apply if rain is expected within 1 hour. Do not apply through any type of irrigation system. Do not use in the greenhouse. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Purespray Green Spray Oil 13E (mineral oil) Used in organics	10 L of product in 1000 L of water (1% solution)	N/A	Suppression only. Use up to 1000 L/ha (400 L/acre) spray volume to ensure thorough coverage. Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. Do not make more than 8 summer spray applications per growing season. For first use on a new variety, test spray a small field area to check for plant tolerance prior to adoption as a general field practice. Before or after an application of Purespray Green Spray Oil 13E, a period of 14 days must elapse before the following chemicals are used: chlorthalonil (Bravo) and/or permethrin (Pounce/ Perm-Up C). Do not apply during periods of drought, when plants exhibit moisture stress. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. Purespray Green Spray Oil 13E (PCP# 27666) is OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.

OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada.

Tomato disease management

Expand All | Collapse All

Bacterial canker (Clavibacter)

Symptoms may begin as wilting of leaves at the lower and outer parts of the plant. The edges of the leaves turn brown and yellow and curl upward. Light coloured streaks may develop on the stems, shoots and leaf stalks. Later, cracks may develop in the streaks. The stem pith becomes brown, dry and mealy. Plants sometimes die but they usually produce fruit. Sunburn can be severe because of the loss of outer, protective leaves. Diagnostic white “birds-eye” spots are found on green fruit. On ripe fruit, spots have a raised, tan-coloured, rough area about 3 mm across and a surrounding white halo.

The most likely source of disease is contaminated seed and transplants, but bacteria may survive in the field on plant debris.

Control

Use hot-water-treated seed as described in the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF). Seed treatment with diluted hydrochloric acid or household bleach diluted 1:10 in clean tapwater has also been used.
Disinfect used seedling trays prior to use as described in the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF).
Use sterilized soil in flats and seed-beds.
Destroy old vines immediately after harvest.
Follow a two or three year crop rotation.

Chemical control of bacterial canker
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Tivano (Citric acid & lactic acid) Fermentation products of Lactobacillus casei strain LPT-111	12 L/ha (4.9 L/acre) Apply in 500 L/ha (200 L/acre) of water	0	Suppression only. Repeat at 5 to 10 day intervals. Shake well before using. Do not re-enter until spray has dried.
Kocide 2000 (copper hydroxide) Group M Used in organics	2.25 kg/ha (910 g/acre)	1	Repeat using a 7 day application interval. Kocide 2000 (PCP# 27348) is OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.
Cueva (copper octanoate) Group M1 Used in organics	Use a 0.5% to 2% solution at 470 to 940 L/ha (190 to 380 L/acre)	1	For a 0.5% solution, mix 1 part Cueva to 200 parts water. For a 2% solution, mix 1 part Cueva to 50 parts water. Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Repeat at 5 to 7 day intervals following heavy rain or when disease pressure is high. Do not make more than 15 applications per year. Time applications so that 12 hours of dry weather follow application. Cueva products (PCP# 31825) are OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation. Do not re-enter treated area for 4 hours.
Kasumin 2L (hydocholoride hydrate) Group 24 bactericide	1.2 L/ha (0.5 L/acre)	1	Suppression only. Apply at 7 day intervals. Do not make more than 3 applications per season. Do not apply more than 3.6 L/Ha (1.5 L/acre) per year. Do not make more than 2 consecutive applications. For resistance management purposes, do not apply on greenhouse transplants. May be tankmixed with Kocide 2000. Follow the most stringent label precautionary measures for mixing, loading and applying stated on both product labels.

OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada

Bacterial speck (Pseudomonas)

Numerous, tiny, dark brown to black specks of less than 1.5 mm diameter appear on the surface of green or ripe fruit. Larger, dark brown to black spots may occur on the leaves and stems. Fruit are only infected when green. This disease is more common in cool, wet weather.

Control

Use hot-water-treated seed as described in the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF).
Sow treated seed in sterilized soil.
Disinfect used seedling trays prior to use as described in the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF).
Kocide, applied for bacterial spot, may also reduce bacterial speck if applied early when green fruit are developing. See table below.

Bacterial speck control
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Cueva (copper octanoate) Group M1 Used in organics	Use a 0.5% to 2% solution at 470 to 940 L/ha (190 to 380 L/acre)	1	For a 0.5% solution, mix 1 part Cueva to 200 parts water. For a 2% solution, mix 1 part Cueva to 50 parts water. Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Repeat at 5 to 7 day intervals following heavy rain or when disease pressure is high. Do not make more than 15 applications per year. Time applications so that 12 hours of dry weather follow application. Cueva products (PCP# 31825) are OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation. Do not re-enter treated area for 4 hours.
Actigard 50WG (acivenzolar – S –methyl)	25 g/ha (10.1 g/acre) Apply in 280 to 655 L/ha (113 to 265 L/acre) of water	14	Suppression only. Begin treatment within 1 week of transplanting or emergence. Apply at a 7 day interval. Maximum 8 applications per season. Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for all crops not on label. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.

OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada

Bacterial spot (Xanthomonos)

Leaf symptoms are similar to bacterial speck. Small dark specks appear on the green fruit, and later enlarge to become brown scabby spots. These spots are crater-like, and may be surrounded by a greasy looking white halo.

Control

See table below for chemical controls of bacterial speck.

Chemical control of bacterial spot
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Kocide 2000 (copper hydroxide) Used in organics	2.24 kg/ha (900 g/acre)	1	Repeat at 7 day intervals. Group M fungicide. Kocide 2000 (PCP# 27348) is OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.
Parasol F (copper hydroxide) Group M	2.3 L/ha (920 mL/acre)	1	Combine with 1.75 to 2.25 kg/ha (0.7 to 0.9 kg/acre) mancozeb 80%. Apply at 7 to 10 day intervals.
Cueva (copper octanoate) Group M1 Used in organics	Use a 0.5% to 2% solution at 470 to 940 L/ha (190 to 380 L/acre)	1	For a 0.5% solution, mix 1 part Cueva to 200 parts water. For a 2% solution, mix 1 part Cueva to 50 parts water. Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Repeat at 5 to 7 day intervals following heavy rain or when disease pressure is high. Do not make more than 15 applications per year. Time applications so that 12 hours of dry weather follow application. Cueva products (PCP# 31825) are OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation. Do not re-enter treated area for 4 hours.
Serenade Opti (Bacillus subtilis) Used in organics	0.6 to 1.7 kg/ha (240 to 690 g/acre)	0	Suppression only. Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Serenade Opti (PCP# 31666) is OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.
Actigard 50WG (acivenzolar – S –methyl)	25 g/ha (10.1 g/acre) Apply in 280 to 655 L/ha (113 to 265 L/acre) of water	14	Suppression only. Begin treatment within 1 week of transplanting or emergence. Apply at a 7 day interval. Maximum 8 applications per season. Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for all crops not on label. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Regalia Maxx (Extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis)	0.125 to 0.25% v/v in 400 to 1000 L/ha (160 to 400 L/acre) of water	0	Suppression only. Also suppresses powdery mildew. Check label. Begin applications after transplanting. Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Approved for use in organics
Kasumin 2L (hydocholoride hydrate) Group 24 bactericide	1.2 L/ha (0.5 L/acre)	1	Suppression only. Apply at 7 day intervals. Do not make more than 3 applications per season. Do not apply more than 3.6 L/Ha (1.5 L/acre) per year. Do not make more than 2 consecutive applications. For resistance management purposes, do not apply on greenhouse transplants. May be tankmixed with Kocide 2000. Follow the most stringent label precautionary measures for mixing, loading and applying stated on both product labels.

OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada

Botrytis rot

Symptoms are gray mold rot of foliage, stem and fruit. Pale green or silvery ring spots with a brownish puncture in the centre, known as ghost spot, occur on green fruit. The same rings are generally yellow on ripe fruit. This disease is associated with wet, humid weather.

Control

See table below. Captan applied for anthracnose may also control Botrytis.

Chemical control of botrytis rot
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Timorex Gold (tea tree oil) Used in organics	1.5 to 2.0 L/ha (605 to 910 mL/acre) Apply in 400 to 1200 L/ha (160 to 485 L/acre) of water	2	Apply as a foliar spray until runoff. Repeat using a 7 to 14 day interval. Do not apply with captan. Timorex Gold (PCP# 30910) is OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.
Serenade Opti (Bacillus subtilis) Used in organics	1.7 to 3.3 kg/ha (690 to 1300 g/acre)	0	Suppression only. Serenade Opti (PCP# 31666) is OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.
Oxidate 2.0 (hydrogen peroxide & peroxyacetic acid) Used in organics	Dilute 1.0 L product in 100 L water (1.0% v:v)	0	Suppression only. Use a non-ionic surfactant at 0.10% to 0.125% v/v (0.1 L to 0.125 L per 100 L of spray solution). Repeat using a 7 day application interval. Good coverage is required. Do not apply more than 8 times per season. Do not apply more than 93.5 L/ha (37.8 L/acre) per application. Toxic to bees. Do not apply if bees are visiting the treatment area. Toxic to certain beneficial insects. Oxidate 2.0 (PCP# 32907) is OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation. Do not re-enter treated area for 4 hours or until sprays have dried.
Bravo ZN (chlorothalonil) Group M5	4.8 L/ha (1.9 L/acre)	2	Repeat using a 14 day interval. For tomatoes not intended for processing, do not apply more than 2 times per year. A closed transfer system must be used when mixing and loading Bravo ZN. When using Bravo ZNC, mixers and loaders cannot handle more than 680 L of product per day. For PPE requirements while mixing and handling Bravo products, check the labels. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours. For tomatoes intended for processing, see label for PHI, maximum applications allowed, REI and harvesting restrictions.
Bravo ZNC (chlorothalonil) Group M5	4.8 L/ha (1.9 L/acre)	2
Echo 720 (chlorothalonil) Group M5	3.3 L/ha (1.3 L/acre)	1	Repeat using a 14 day interval. For tomatoes not intended for processing, do not apply more than 2 times per year. If handling more than 340 kg a.i. in one day, mixers and loaders must use a closed system. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours. For tomatoes intended for processing, see label for PHI, maximum applications allowed, REI and harvesting restrictions.
Lance WDG (boscalid) Group 7	420 g/ha (168 g/acre) Apply in at least 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	0	Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not make more than 2 applications per season. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. For crops not on the label, observe a plant back interval of 14 days.
Cantus WDG (boscalid) Group 7	420 g/ha (168 g/acre) Apply in at least 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	0	Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not make more than 2 applications per season. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. For crops not on the label, observe a plant back interval of 14 days.
Fontelis (penthiopyrad) Group 7	1.25 to 1.75 L/ha (500 to 710 mL/acre) Apply in 110 L/ha (45 L/acre) of water	0	Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not apply more than 5.25 L/ha (2.2 L/acre) per season. Do not make more than 2 sequential applications before switching to a fungicide with a different mode of action. Do not re-enter for 12 hours.
Miravis Duo (pydiflumetofen & difenoconazole) Group 7 & 3	1 L/ha (405 mL/ac) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/ac) of water	0	Suppression only. Do no use in the greenhouse. Repeat using a 7 to 14 day interval. Do not make more than 2 consecutive applications before switching to a non-Group 7 & 3 fungicide. Do not apply more than 2.0 L/ha (405 mL/ac) per season. See label for details on plantback interval. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Scala SC (pyrimethanil) Group 9	750 mL/ha (305 mL/ acre) Apply in 300 L/ha (120 L/acre) of water.	1	Apply in a tank mixture with Bravo ZN. See this table for Bravo ZN directions. Follow the most stringent label precautions for mixing loading and applying stated on both labels. Begin applications when plants are 15 to 20 cm tall, or when disease threatens (whichever comes first). Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. Check Bravo ZN label for maximum applications per year. Do not apply more than 3.75 L/ha (1.5 L/acre) per season. For all crops not listed on the label, observe a plant-back interval of 30 days. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Switch 62.5 WG (cyprodinil & fludioxonil) Group 9 & 12	775 to 975 g/ha (314 to 395 g/acre) Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water	0	Repeat using a 7 to 10 day application interval. Do not make more than 3 applications per year. Observe a 30 day plantback interval for crops not listed. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Decree 50 WDG (fenhexamid) Group 17	1.5 kg/ha (609 g/acre)	60	For use on transplants in the greenhouse only. Apply as a foliar spray. Repeat using a 7 to 10 day interval. Do not make more than 2 applications per crop cycle. Do not re-enter treated area for 4 hours.
Diplomat 5SC (polyoxin D zinc salt) Group 19	463 to 926 mL/ha (187 to 375 mL/acre)	0	Suppression only. Repeat using a 7 to 10 day interval. Do not apply more than 2.8 L/ha (1.1 L/acre) per season or 12 months. May be used in the greenhouse.
Double Nickel 55 (Bacillus amyloliqufaciens strain D747) Group 44	1.25 to 3.6 kg/ha (505 to 1470 g/acre) For smaller plants or low disease pressure: 0.9 to 1 kg/ha (360 to 400 g/acre)	0	Suppression only. Apply as a foliar spray from flowering to fruit maturity. Repeat at 3 to 10 day intervals. Do not use highly alkaline or highly acidic water to mix sprays. If necessary, use a buffering agent to maintain a pH of 6 to 8 in the water of the tank. Do not re-enter treated area for 4 hours.
Double Nickel LC (Bacillus amyloliqufaciens strain D747) Group 44	6.25 to 18 L/ha (2.5 to 7.3 L/acre) For smaller plants or low disease pressure: 4.5 to 5 L/ha (1.8 to 2 L/acre)	0	Suppression only. Apply as a foliar spray from flowering to fruit maturity. Repeat at 3 to 10 day intervals. Do not use highly alkaline or highly acidic water to mix sprays. If necessary, use a buffering agent to maintain a pH of 6 to 8 in the water of the tank. Do not re-enter treated area for 4 hours.

OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada

Anthracnose

This is a disease of ripe fruit. When spots first appear they are small, sunken and circular. They can increase in size to 1 cm and are usually found on the side of the fruit next to the soil. Older spots are depressed with concentric rings, a tan centre and numerous dark specks.

Control

A regular spray program is required to avoid losses due to the two blights and anthracnose fruit rot in the late summer and early fall when wet weather begins. Begin spraying in late June and repeat every 7 to 10 days depending on weather conditions. Use one of the products in the table below.

Chemical control of anthracnose
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Bravo ZN (chlorothalonil) Group M5	2.4 to 4.0 L/ha (1.0 to 1.6 L/acre	2	Repeat using an 8 to 10 day interval at the lower rate, or a 14 day interval at the higher rate. For tomatoes not intended for processing, do not apply more than 2 times per season. A closed transfer system must be used when mixing and loading Bravo ZN. When using Bravo ZNC, mixers and loaders cannot handle more than 680 L of product per day. For PPE requirements while mixing and handling Bravo products, check the labels. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours. For tomatoes intended for processing, see label for PHI, maximum applications allowed, REI and harvesting restrictions.
Bravo ZN (chlorothalonil) Group M5	2.4 to 4.0 L/ha (1.0 to 1.6 L/acre	2
Echo 720 (chlorothalonil) Group M5	1.7 to 2.8 L/ha (0.7 to 1.1 L/acre)	1	Repeat using an 8 to 10 day interval at the lower rate, or a 14 day interval at the higher rate. For tomatoes not intended for processing, do not apply more than 2 times per season. If handling more than 340 kg a.i. in one day, mixers and loaders must use a closed system. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours. For tomatoes intended for processing, see label for PHI, maximum applications allowed, REI and harvesting restrictions.
Copper 53W (tri-basic copper sulphate) Group M	4.5 kg/ha (1.8 kg/acre)	1	Apply when plants are 15 cm tall, and repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals
Maestro 80 WSP (captan) Group M4	2.75 to 4.25 kg/ha (1.1 to 1.7 kg/acre)	2	Do not use on greenhouse tomatoes. Repeat at 7 day intervals. Do not apply more than 3 times per season. Do not apply in combination with or immediately before or closely following oil sprays. Use a closed cab when handling more than 57 kg a.i. per day. Do not handle pouches with wet hands. Do not enter treated area for 10 days for handset/handline irrigation related activities involving foliage contact. Do not enter treated area for 7 days for hand harvesting, training or tying. For all other activities, do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Dithane Rainshield (mancozeb) Group M3	3.25 kg/ha (1.3 kg/acre)	30	Repeat every 7 to 10 days. Do not make more than 2 applications per year. Check label for PPE requirements when mixing and loading and during open-cab ground boom application. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Penncozeb 75DF (mancozeb) Group M	1.1 to 3.25 kg/ha (0.44 to 1.3 kg/acre)	30	Repeat every 7 to 10 days. Do not make more than 2 applications per ha per year. Do not apply more than 6.5 kg/ha (2.6 kg/ac) per year. Check label for PPE requirements when mixing and loading and during open-cab ground boom application. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Penncozeb 75DF Raincoat (mancozeb) Group M	1.1 to 3.25 kg/ha (0.44 to 1.3 kg/acre)	30	Repeat every 7 to 10 days. Do not make more than 2 applications per ha per year. Do not apply more than 6.5 kg/ha (2.6 kg/ac) per year. Check label for PPE requirements when mixing and loading and during open-cab ground boom application. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Inspire (difenoconazole) Group 3	512 mL/ha (207 mL/acre) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water	0	Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. Do not apply more than 2.04 L/ha (0.82 L/acre) per crop per season. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Aprovia (benzovindiflupyr)	500 to 750 mL/ha (200 to 300 mL/acre) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre of water)	1	Apply as a broadcast foliar spray starting at first fruit set. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 3 L/ha (1.2 L/acre) per season. Observe a plantback interval of 6 months for crops not listed. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Aprovia Top (benzovindiflupyr/ difenoconazole) Group 3 & 7	643 to 967 mL/ha (260 to 391 mL/acre Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water	1	Suppression only. Apply as a broadcast foliar spray, starting at first fruit set. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Do not apply more than 3.9 L/ha (1.6 L/acre) per season. Observe a plantback interval of 60 days for sweet corn and 6 months for crops not listed. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Cabrio EG (pyraclostrobin) Group 11	560 to 840 g/ha (220 to 300 g/acre) Apply in 225 L/ha (91 L/acre) of water	0	No more than 6 applications per season. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. Do not use treated crops for feed.
Quadris F (axosystrobin) Group 11	300 to 500 mL/ha (120 to 200 mL/acre)	1	Apply on a 7 to 10 day interval, starting at first fruit set. Do not apply until 21 days after transplanting. Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. Do not apply more than 3 times per season. To avoid damage, do not apply within 6 days, either before or after, the use of metribuzin. Do not enter treated area until residues have dried.
Quadris Top (azoxystrobin/ difenoconazole) Group 11 & 3	625 mL/ha (253 mL/acre) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water.	1	Do not apply until 21 days after transplanting or 35 days after seeding. Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals Do not apply more than 3 times per season. Do not re-enter treated areas for 12 hours. To avoid damage, do not apply within 6 days, either before or after, a broadcast application of metribuzin. Observe a plant back interval of 60 days for crops not listed on this label or the Inspire label.
Elatus (benzovindiflupyr/ azoxystrobin) Group 11 & 7	333 to 417 g/ha (135 to 169 g/acre) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water.	1	Begin broadcast foliar applications at fruit set. Do not apply until 21 days after transplanting. Repeat at 7 day intervals. Do not apply more than 1.2 kg/ha (0.5 kg/acre) per season. Observe a plantback interval of 6 months for crops not listed.

Mosaic and streak (virus diseases)

Tobacco mosaic

Pale mottling of leaves and sometimes of fruit. Alfalfa mosaic causes brown streaks and distortion of fruit.

Streak

Brown stripes on stem, brown blotches on foliage and brown irregularly shaped pits on fruit.

Mosaic is much more common than streak. Tobacco mosaic is spread from one tomato crop to another on seed, clothing, soil, hands and tools. Alfalfa mosaic is spread only by aphids.

Control

Tobacco or common mosaic

Destroy virus of tobacco mosaic on the seed coat a day or two before planting by soaking the seed in a solution of tri-sodium phosphate at 100 g/ L of water for 20 minutes. This treatment is only needed if seed has not previously been treated with hot water (see Bacterial Canker section of Tomatoes Disease Management). Spread out to dry in a warm room. Use seed treated with Thiram. Rogue out affected plants if any disease appears.
Tobacco mosaic can persist many months on clothing stored in the dark, but not if hung in the light. Contaminated clothing can be a source of disease for a new crop, and only clean clothes should be worn while working with plants, especially young ones.
Tomato debris overwintering in the soil is the main source of tobacco mosaic in new crops, so old vines should be removed immediately after harvesting is completed. Steaming soil in the greenhouse will control mosaic, but chemical sterilants will not.
Handling is the most frequent way of spreading tobacco mosaic throughout a crop. Wash hands in a solution of tri-sodium phosphate at 33 g/ L of water and then scrub with soap and water after smoking or handling a diseased crop. Because tobacco may carry this disease, avoid smoking in the greenhouse area. Infection on tools is best removed by either boiling them in water or by steam sterilizing them. Dipping tools in tri-sodium phosphate solution at 33 g/L of water can be used but is less effective.

It has been found that the spread of mosaic from diseased to healthy plants and infection from outside sources can be reduced sharply by the use of a milk spray. From 4 to 24 hours before seedlings are to be handled (pricked out), they should be watered thoroughly, then sprayed with natural whole or skimmed milk or reconstituted powdered milk, 3.0 L/10 L of water.

The milk is allowed to dry on the leaves. It gives effective protection for 24 hours. Twenty-two litres of milk will spray approximately enough plants to set out in 1 hectare.

A second milk spray should be applied to the plants just prior to transplanting.

Tomato spotted wilt virus

This disease is occasionally seen in field tomatoes as a result of planting infected seedlings. Infected tomato plants may not grow well and have bronzed leaves and yellow ring patterns on fruit. Use the Vegetable Production Guide: Pest Management (PDF, 1.2 MB) to learn more about control options.

Verticillium wilt

The causal fungus is soil or seed-borne. First, lower leaves wilt and drop, then petioles turn yellow and wither and, finally, the entire plant may wilt.

Control

Disinfect used seedling trays as described in the Vegetable Production Guide: Planting (PDF).
Grow seedlings in virgin or sterilized soil.
Use seed treated with Thiram seed protectant.
Follow four-year rotation plan, avoiding crops susceptible to Verticillium wilt (e.g. potatoes, melons, peppers and eggplants).
Choose soil that is well drained and not underlain by hardpan.
Do not plant out until soil temperature has reached 14°C or, if possible, 16°C.
Avoid overwatering and maintain a high humus content in the soil.
Select resistant varieties.

Root rot

RootShield WP (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strain KRL-AG2) is a biological fungicide for the suppression of Root Rot in greenhouse vegetable transplants. When applied to transplants, greenhouse planting mix or soil, the product grows into plant roots as they develop to protect roots against Pythium, Rhizoctonia and Fusarium.

Suppression

Suspend RootShield WP using a spray volume of 30 to 45 g/100 L and apply at the rate of 55 to 110 g per cubic metre (loose) of greenhouse potting mix, soil or planting beds.
Apply using hand-held backpack or ground spray equipment.
Becomes active when soil temperatures are above 10 degrees C and is not effective while soils remain cold.
More effective at suppression of root rot in neutral or acidic soils.
Should be used within 12 months of the date of manufacture.
Contains the allergens wheat and sulfites.

RootShield WP is used in organics. It is OMRI-USA listed. OMRI-USA = Organic Materials Review Institute of USA. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.

Chemical control of pythium damping off and root rot (Pythium spp.)
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Torrent (cyazofamid) Group 21	30 mL/100L water	60	Registered on greenhouse tomato transplants. Apply once in the greenhouse as a soil drench to thoroughly wet the growing medium immediately after seeding. Do not use a surfactant. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.

Early blight (Alternaria)

Leaf spots are dark brown to black and have concentric rings or zones within the spot. Black spots may develop on stems. On the fruit, large black leathery sunken areas are produced. This disease is common in the Interior.

Chemical control of early blight
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Bravo ZN (chlorothalonil) Group M5	2.4 to 4.0 L/ha (1.0 to 1.6 L/acre)	2	This is the preferred a.i. for Interior areas where early blight is a serious problem. Repeat using an 8 to 10 day interval at the lower rate, or a 14 day interval at the higher rate. For tomatoes not intended for processing, do not apply more than 2 times per season. A closed transfer system must be used when mixing and loading Bravo ZN. When using Bravo ZNC, mixers and loaders cannot handle more than 680 L of product per day. For PPE requirements while mixing and handling Bravo products, check the labels. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours. For tomatoes intended for processing, see label for PHI, maximum applications allowed, REI and harvesting restrictions.
Bravo ZNC (chlorothalonil) Group M5	2.4 to 4.0 L/ha (1.0 to 1.6 L/acre)	2
Echo 720 (chlorothalonil) Group M5	1.7 to 2.8 L/ha (0.7 to 1.1 L/acre)	1	This is the preferred a.i. for Interior areas where early blight is a serious problem. Repeat using an 8 to 10 day interval at the lower rate, or a 14 day interval at the higher rate. For tomatoes not intended for processing, do not apply more than 2 times per season. If handling more than 340 kg a.i. in one day, mixers and loaders must use a closed system. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours. For tomatoes intended for processing, see label for PHI, maximum applications allowed, REI and harvesting restrictions.
Copper 53W (tri-basic copper sulphate) Group M	4.5 kg/ha (1.8 kg/acre)	1	Apply when plants are 15 cm tall Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals.
Copper oxychloride 50 (copper oxychloride) Group M	4.0 kg/ha (1.6 kg/acre) Apply in 1000 L/ha (405 L/acre) of water	1	Start spraying when plants are 10 to 13 cm high. Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals.
Cueva (copper octanoate) Group M1 Used in organics	Use a 0.5% to 2% solution at 470 to 940 L/ha (190 to 380 L/acre)	1	For a 0.5% solution, mix 1 part Cueva to 200 parts water. For a 2% solution, mix 1 part Cueva to 50 parts water. Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Repeat at 5 to 7 day intervals following heavy rain or when disease pressure is high. Do not make more than 15 applications per year. Time applications so that 12 hours of dry weather follow application. Cueva products (PCP# 31825) are OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation. Do not re-enter treated area for 4 hours.
Dithane Rainshield (mancozeb) Group M3	3.25 kg/ha (1.3 kg/acre)	30	Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not make more than 2 applications per year. Check label for PPE requirements when mixing and loading and during open-cab ground boom application. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Penncozeb 75DF (mancozeb) Group M	1.1 to 3.25 kg/ha (0.44 to 1.3 kg/acre)	30	Repeat every 7 to 10 days. Do not make more than 2 applications per ha per year. Do not apply more than 6.5 kg/ha (2.6 kg/ac) per year. Check label for PPE requirements when mixing and loading and during open-cab ground boom application. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Penncozeb 75DF Raincoat (mancozeb) Group M	1.1 to 3.25 kg/ha (0.44 to 1.3 kg/acre)	30	Repeat every 7 to 10 days. Do not make more than 2 applications per ha per year. Do not apply more than 6.5 kg/ha (2.6 kg/ac) per year. Check label for PPE requirements when mixing and loading and during open-cab ground boom application. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Scala SC (pyrimethanil) Group 9	750 mL/ha (305 mL/ acre) Apply in 300 L/ha (120 L/acre) of water	1	Apply in a tank mixture with Bravo ZN. See this table for Bravo ZN directions. Follow the most stringent label precautions for mixing loading and applying stated on both labels. Begin applications when plants are 15 to 20 cm tall, or when disease threatens (whichever comes first). Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. Check Bravo ZN label for maximum applications per year. Do not apply more than 3.75 L/ha (1.5 L/acre) per season. For all crops not listed on the label, observe a plant-back interval of 30 days. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Reason 500SC (fenamidone) Group 11 Plus: Dithane Rainshield (mancozeb) Group M	200 mL/ha (81mL/acre) Plus: 1.25 kg/ha (500 g/acre)	14	Also controls late blight. Begin application when plants are 15 to 20 cm high, or when disease threatens (whichever comes first). Tank mix with Dithane Rainshield. Do not apply more than 6 times per year. Observe a 30 day plant back interval for all crops. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Cabrio EG (pyraclostrobin) Group 11	560 to 840 g/ha (220 to 300 g/acre) Apply in 225 L/ha (91 L/acre) of water	0	Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. No more than 6 applications per season. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. Do not use treated crops for feed.
Tanos 50 DF (famoxadone / cymoxanil) Group 11 & 27	560 to 840 g/ha (224 to 336 g/acre) Apply in at least 250 L/ha (100 L/acre) of water	3	Do not use on U-pick operations. Maximum of 6 applications per year. Make the first application of Tanos following one or two applications of a preventative broad spectrum fungicide such as chlorothalonil or mancozeb. Apply at 7 day intervals. Do not apply to stressed plants. Harmful to beneficials. Observe a 1 year plant back interval for crops not on the label. Do not enter treated area for 24 hours.
Kocide 2000 (copper hydroxide) Group M Used in organics	2.52 kg/ha ( 1.0 kg/acre)	1	Repeat using a 7 day interval. Maximum 10 applications per season. Kocide 2000 (PCP# 27348) is OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.
Inspire (difenoconazole) Group 3	292 to 512 mL/ha (118 to 207 mL/acre) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water	0	Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. Do not apply more than 2.04 L/ha (0.82 L/acre) per crop per season. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Aprovia (benzovindiflupyr) Group 7	500 to 750 mL/ha (200 to 300 mL/acre) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre of water)	1	Apply as a broadcast foliar spray starting at first fruit set. Repeat using a 7 to day interval. Do not apply more than 3 L/ha (1.2 L/acre) per season. Observe a plantback interval of 6 months for crops not listed. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Aprovia Top (benzovindiflupyr/ difenoconazole) Group 7 & 3	643 to 967 mL/ha (260 to 391 mL/acre Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water	1	Apply as a broadcast foliar spray. Repeat using a 7 to 14 day interval. Do not apply more than 3.9 L/ha (1.6 L/acre) per season. Observe a plantback interval of 60 days for sweet corn and 6 months for crops not listed. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Miravis Duo (pydiflumetofen & difenoconazole) Group 7 & 3	1 L/ha (405 mL/ac) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/ac) of water	0	Do no use in the greenhouse. Repeat using a 7 to 14 day interval. Do not make more than 2 consecutive applications before switching to a non-Group 7 & 3 fungicide. Do not apply more than 2.0 L/ha (405 mL/ac) per season. See label for details on plantback interval. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Lance WDG (boscalid) Group 7	175 to 315 g/ha (70 to 126 g/acre) Apply in at least 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	0	Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. For crops not on the label, observe a plant back interval of 14 days.
Cantus WDG (boscalid) Group 7	175 to 315 g/ha (70 to 126 g/acre) Apply in at least 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	0	Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. For crops not on the label, observe a plant back interval of 14 days.
Sercadis (fluxapyroxad) Group 7	167 to 333 mL/ha (68 to 135 mL/acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	7	Use with a non-ionic surfactant (0.125% v/v). Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. Do not make more than 3 applications per season. Do not apply more than 1.0 L/ha (405 mL/acre) per season No more than 2 consecutive applications before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. For crops not listed, observe a plant back interval of 1 year.
Quadris F (axosystrobin) Group 11	300 to 500 mL/ha (120 to 200 mL/acre)	1	Do not apply until 21 days after transplanting. Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. Do not apply more than 3 times per season. To avoid damage, do not apply within 6 days, either before or after, the use of metribuzin. Do not enter treated area until residues have dried.
Quadris Top (azoxystrobin/ difenoconazole) Group 11 & 3	625 mL/ha (253 mL/acre) Apply in at least 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water.	1	Do not apply until 21 days after transplanting or 35 days after seeding. Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals Do not apply more than 3 times per season. Do not re-enter treated areas for 12 hours. To avoid damage, do not apply within 6 days, either before or after, a broadcast application of metribuzin. Observe a plant back interval of 60 days for crops not listed on this label or the Inspire label.
Elatus (benzovindiflupyr/ azoxystrobin) Group 11 & 7	333 to 417 g/ha (135 to 169 g/acre) Apply in 150 L/ha (60 L/acre) of water.	1	Apply as a broadcast foliar spray. Do not apply until 21 days after transplanting. Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. Do not apply more than 1.2 kg/ha (0.5 kg/acre) per season. Observe a plantback interval of 6 months for crops not listed.
Diplomat 5SC (polyoxin D zinc salt) Group 19	537 to 926 mL/ha (217 to 375 mL/acre)	0	Suppression only. Repeat using a 7 to 14 day interval. Do not apply more than 2.8 L/ha (1.1 L/acre) per season or 12 months. May be used in the greenhouse.
Double Nickel 55 (Bacillus amyloliqufaciens strain D747) Group 44	0.5 to 2 kg/ha (200 to 810 g/acre) For smaller plants or low disease pressure: 0.5 to 1 kg/ha (200 to 405 g/acre)	0	Suppression only. Apply as a foliar spray from flowering to fruiting. Repeat at 3 to 10 day intervals. Do not use highly alkaline or highly acidic water to mix sprays. If necessary, use a buffering agent to maintain a pH of 6 to 8 in the water of the tank. Do not re-enter treated area for 4 hours. fungicides.
Double Nickel LC (Bacillus amyloliqufaciens strain D747) Group 44	2.5 to 10 L/ha (1.0 to 4 L/acre) For smaller plants or low disease pressure: 2.5 to 5 L/ha (1.0 to 2 L/acre)	0	Suppression only. Apply as a foliar spray from flowering to fruiting. Repeat at 3 to 10 day intervals. Do not use highly alkaline or highly acidic water to mix sprays. If necessary, use a buffering agent to maintain a pH of 6 to 8 in the water of the tank. Do not re-enter treated area for 4 hours.
Serenade Opti (Bacillus subtilis) Used in organics	2.5 kg/ha (1.0 kg/acre)	0	Suppression only. Make the first application when plants are 6 to 10 cm tall. Repeat using a 5 to 7 day interval. Serenade Opti (PCP# 31666) is OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.
Timorex Gold (tea tree oil) Used in organics	1.5 to 1.88 L/ha (605 to 760 mL/acre) Apply in 400 to 1200 L/ha (160 to 485 L/acre) of water	2	Suppression only. Apply as a foliar spray until runoff. Repeat using a 7 to 14 day interval. Do not apply with captan. Timorex Gold (PCP# 30910) is OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.

OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada

Late blight (Phytopthera)

Irregular greenish-black water soaked areas appear on older leaves. Brownish cankers are found on stems. Fruit rot may also occur. This disease is more common under cool, moist conditions. The same fungus also causes late blight of potato.

Control

When starting tomatoes in the greenhouse, keep the foliage dry and space the plants to allow good air circulation around them. After planting out in the coastal area, it will then be necessary to spray every 5 – 10 days with fixed copper or other protectant fungicide. If the weather is wet or unsettled, spray every 5 days.

Later, when the weather dries up, the interval can be increased to every 7 – 10 days. Separate fields of tomatoes and potatoes as much as possible as the spores will spread from one to the other.

Do not use Ridomil/MZ, Bravo/Ridomil on tomatoes as it will result in illegal residues. These products are registered for control of late blight on potatoes only.

Clean up diseased crop refuse and remove it from the field in the fall if feasible. Failure to do so may result in the fungus overwintering in the field.

Chemical control of late blight
Product	Rate	PHI*	Comments
Bravo ZN (chlorothalonil) Group M5	2.4 to 4.0 L/ha (1.0 to 1.6 L/acre)	2	Repeat using an 8 to 10 day interval at the lower rate, or a 14 day interval at the higher rate. For tomatoes not intended for processing, do not apply more than 2 times per season. A closed transfer system must be used when mixing and loading Bravo ZN. When using Bravo ZNC, mixers and loaders cannot handle more than 680 L of product per day. For PPE requirements while mixing and handling Bravo products, check the labels. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours. For tomatoes intended for processing, see label for PHI, maximum applications allowed, REI and harvesting restrictions.
Bravo ZNC (chlorothalonil) Group M5	2.4 to 4.0 L/ha (1.0 to 1.6 L/acre)	2
Echo 720 (chlorothalonil) Group M5	1.7 to 2.8 L/ha (0.7 to 1.1 L/acre)	1	Repeat using an 8 to 10 day interval at the lower rate, or a 14 day interval at the higher rate. For tomatoes not intended for processing, do not apply more than 2 times per season. If handling more than 340 kg a.i. in one day, mixers and loaders must use a closed system. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours. For tomatoes intended for processing, see label for PHI, maximum applications allowed, REI and harvesting restrictions.
Copper 53W (tri-basic copper sulphate) Group M	4.5 kg/ha (1.8 kg/acre)	1	Apply when plants are 15 cm tall Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals.
Copper oxychloride 50 (copper oxychloride) Group M	4.0 kg/ha (1.6 kg/acre) Apply in 1000 L/ha (405 L/acre) of water	1	Start spraying when plants are 10 to 13 cm high. Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals.
Cueva (copper octanoate) Group M1 Used in organics	Use a 0.5% to 2% solution at 470 to 940 L/ha (190 to 380 L/acre)	1	For a 0.5% solution, mix 1 part Cueva to 200 parts water. For a 2% solution, mix 1 part Cueva to 50 parts water. Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Repeat at 5 to 7 day intervals following heavy rain or when disease pressure is high. Do not make more than 15 applications per year. Time applications so that 12 hours of dry weather follow application. Cueva products (PCP# 31825) are OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation. Do not re-enter treated area for 4 hours.
Dithane Rainshield (mancozeb) Group M3	3.25 kg/ha (1.3 kg/acre)	30	Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not make more than 2 applications per year. Check label for PPE requirements when mixing and loading and during open-cab ground boom application. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Penncozeb 75DF (mancozeb) Group M	1.1 to 3.25 kg/ha (0.44 to 1.3 kg/acre)	30	Repeat every 7 to 10 days. Do not make more than 2 applications per ha per year. Do not apply more than 6.5 kg/ha (2.6 kg/ac) per year. Check label for PPE requirements when mixing and loading and during open-cab ground boom application. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Penncozeb 75DF Raincoat (mancozeb) Group M	1.1 to 3.25 kg/ha (0.44 to 1.3 kg/acre)	30	Repeat every 7 to 10 days. Do not make more than 2 applications per ha per year. Do not apply more than 6.5 kg/ha (2.6 kg/ac) per year. Check label for PPE requirements when mixing and loading and during open-cab ground boom application. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Reason 500SC (fenamidone) Group 11 Plus: Dithane Rainshield (mancozeb) Group M	200 mL/ha (81mL/acre) Plus: 1.25 kg/ha (500 g/acre)	14	Also controls early blight. Begin application when plants are 15 to 20 cm high, or when disease threatens (whichever comes first). Tank mix with Dithane Rainshield. Do not apply more than 6 times per year. Observe a 30 day plant back interval for all crops. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Cabrio EG (pyraclostrobin) Group 11	560 to 1000 g/ha (200 to 400 g/acre) Apply in 225 L/ha (91 L/acre) of water	0	Repeat at 7 day intervals. No more than 6 applications per season. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. Do not use treated crops for feed.
Tanos 50 DF (famoxadone / cymoxanil) Group 11 & 27	560 to 840 g/ha (224 to 336 g/acre) Apply in at least 250 L/ha (100 L/acre) of water	3	Do not use on U-pick operations. Maximum of 6 applications per year. Make the first application of Tanos following one or two applications of a preventative broad spectrum fungicide such as chlorothalonil or mancozeb. Apply at 7 day intervals. Do not apply to stressed plants. Harmful to beneficials. Observe a 1 year plant back interval for crops not on the label. Do not enter treated area for 24 hours.
Revus (mandipropamid) Group 40	400 to 600 mL/ha (160 to 240 mL/acre ) Apply in at least 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	1	Use a non-ionic adjuvant (0.25% v/v). Repeat at 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not apply more than 4 times per year. May be tank-mixed with Bravo 500. Check Bravo Label for PHI and re-entry interval. Do not apply to greenhouse-grown seedlings to be transplanted in the field, until after they have been transplanted out. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.
Orondis (oxathiapiprolin) Group 49	175 to 350 mL/ha (70 to 140 mL/acre Apply in 110 L/ha (45 L/acre) of water.	0	Repeat using a 5 to 14 day interval. Where multiple crop cycles are produced in the same year, do not make more than 6 applications/ha/year. Do not apply more than 1.40 L/ha (570 mL/acre) per season. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Cyazofamid 400SC (formerly Ranman 400SC) (cyazofamid) Group 21	0.1 to 0.2 L/ha (40 to 81 mL /acre) Apply in 200 to 600 L/ha (80 to 240 L/acre) of water	1	Repeat as a foliar broadcast at 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not apply more than 5 times per crop per year. Use a non-ionic or organosilicone surfactant such as Sylgard at a 4:3 ratio (Cyazofamid 400SC: Sylgard) or at the label recommendations. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for crops not listed on the label.
Torrent 400SC (cyazofamid) Group 21	0.1 to 0.2 L/ha (40 to 81 mL /acre) Apply in 200 to 600 L/ha (80 to 240 L/acre) of water	1	Repeat as a foliar broadcast at 7 to 10 day intervals. Do not apply more than 5 times per crop per year. Use a non-ionic or organosilicone surfactant such as Sylgard at a 4:3 ratio (Cyazofamid 400SC: Sylgard) or at the label recommendations. Do not enter treated area for 12 hours. Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for crops not listed on the label.
Tattoo C (propamocarb HCl & chlorothalonil) Group 28 M Note: No longer produced.	2.7 L/ha (1.1 L/acre) Apply in 200 to 300 L/ha (80 to 120 L/acre) of water	5	Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. Do not apply more than 3 times per season. Wait a minimum of 7 days after treatment before applying any product containing chlorothalonil (i.e. Bravo, Echo). Do not re-enter for 48 hours after treatment. If required, re-entry is permitted within 48 hours of treatment for short term tasks not involving hand labour provided that 4 hours have passed since application and that long pants and a long-sleeved shirt are worn. Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for root and leafy vegetables and 120 days for winter wheat and all other crops not on the label.
Phostrol (mono- and dibasic sodium, potassium, and ammonium phosphites) Group 33	2.9 to 5.6 L/ha (1.2 to 2.3 L /acre) Apply in 225 L/ha (90 L/acre) of water.	0	Supression only. Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals. Do not make more than 7 applications per season. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Confine Extra (mono- and di-potassium salts of phosphorous acid) Group 33	5 to 10 L/ha (2.0 to 4.0 L /acre) Apply in 100 L/ha (40 L/acre) of water	1	Suppression only. Repeat using a 7 to 14 day interval. Do not make more than 5 applications per growing season. Tankmixing with pesticide products containing a metal base and/or micronutrients may not be compatible and could potentially cause plant injury. See label for details.
Forum (dimethomorph) Group 40	450 mL/ha (182mL/acre) Apply in 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water	0	Apply as a tank mix with a non-group 40 fungicide that is registered for late blight. Observe most restrictive directions including rate, PHI and re-entry interval. Start applications when plants are 46 inches high. Repeat at 5 to 10 day spray intervals. Do not apply more than 5 times per season. Do not make more than 2 sequential applications before alternating to another non-group 40 fungicide for at least 1 application. Observe a plant back interval of 30 days for a new crop in the treated area. Do not handle more than 81 L of Forum per day. Do not use in the greenhouse. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Zampro (ametoctradin & dimethomorph) Group 40 & 45	1.0 L/ha (400 mL /acre) Apply in at least 200 L/ha (80 L/acre) of water	4	Repeat at 5 to 7 day intervals. Do not apply more than 3 times per season. Use a spreading/penetrating adjuvant. Do not re-enter for 12 hours. Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for all crops not on the label.
Presidio (fluopicolide) Group 43	220 to 292 mL/ha (89 to 118 mL/acre) Apply in 200 to 1000L/ha (80 to 400 L/acre) of water	2	Tank-mix with a non-group 43 fungicide registered for late blight. Follow most restrictive directions including rate, PHI and re-entry interval. Repeat using a 7 to 14 day interval. Do no apply more than 4 times per season. Do not apply more than 880 mL/ha (356 mL/acre) per season. Apply no more than 2 sequential applications before alternating with an effective non-group 43 fungicide. Do not use in the greenhouse. Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.
Taegro (Bacillus subtilis) Used in organics	364 g/ha (147 g/acre) Apply in 935.4 L/ha (378.6 L/acre) of water	0	Suppression only. Water-in product after applying. Repeat using a 7 day interval. Taegro (PCP# 30720) is OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.
Timorex Gold (tea tree oil) Used in organics	2.0 to 3.0L/ha (495 to 740 mL/acre) Apply in 400 to 1200 L/ha (160 to 485 L/acre) of water	2	Suppression only. Apply as a foliar spray until runoff. Repeat using a 7 to 14 day interval. Do not apply with captan. Timorex Gold (PCP# 30910) is OMRI-Canada listed. Check with your certification body before using in an organic operation.

OMRI-Canada = Organic Materials Review Institute of Canada

Control

Maintain uniform moisture conditions throughout the growing season and avoid excessive nitrogen. Foliar applications of calcium chloride or calcium nitrate are rarely beneficial.

Blotchy ripening

Symptoms are irregular fruit ripening. It is caused by a variety of cultural conditions and there is no known control. It has been linked to potassium or boron deficiency and to high nitrogen levels which favor excessive growth.

Control

Follow a well-balanced fertilizer program. Some varieties appear to be less susceptible than others.

Boron deficiency

Young plants show purple stems and petioles. Growth is slow. On mature plants, fruits show coarse brown russetting, distortion and cracking on russetted areas.

Control

For ground application rates, consult the Boron table in the Vegetable Production Guide: Nutrient Management (PDF). For foliar application, spray plants during June with Solubor at 1.1 to 1.7 kg/ha (0.4 to 0.7 kg/acre) in 1,000 L/ha (400 L/acre) of water. Foliar applications are preferable where beans or cucumbers are likely to follow tomatoes.

Chemical fruit ripening

Use Ethrel for uniform ripening for once-over harvest and to enhance ripening in late varieties or during late seasons or when ripening is delayed. Apply when 5 to 30 percent of the fruit is red or partly red. The key to good results is good coverage. Use 3.75 to 6.4 L/ha (1.5 to 2.6 L/acre) in 30 to 500 L/ha (12 to 200 L/acre) of water.

Use the higher rate when day temperatures are less than 18°C and tomato growth is dense. Harvest fruit at proper maturity, generally 14 to 21 days after treatment. Observe treated fruit frequently for condition of crop. Cool temperatures can slow colour development and extend period between treatment and harvest. Fruit does not appreciably increase in size after Ethrel treatment.

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